What does the five-category blood cell analysis check?

Blood test is an examination that people often encounter. It can check whether many aspects of the body are normal. The test results usually require the guidance of a doctor to understand, because people simply cannot understand the nouns in the list, so they need a doctor's analysis to know whether they and their body are normal. Today let us understand what the five-category blood cell analysis checks.

Five-part blood cell analysis refers to:

1. The five-category classification is to divide the white blood cells in the blood into five categories: neutrophil band granulocytes 1%～5%, (0.04～0.50)×109/L.

2. Neutrophil segmented granulocytes 50%～70%, (2.00～7.00)×109/L.

3. Eosinophils 0.5%～5%, (0.02～0.50)×109/L.

4. Alkali granulocytes 0% to 1%, (0 to 0.10) × 109/L; lymphocytes 20% to 40%, (0.80 to 4.00) × 109/L;

5. Monocytes 3%～8%, (0.12～0.70)×109/L.

Electrophysiological detection of different cell types:

1. Lymphocyte, monocyte and neutrophil detection system: Hemolytic agent is added to the cell suspension to dissolve the red blood cells, while keeping the white blood cells intact. The cytoplasm and nuclear morphology are close to the physiological state. When these cells pass through the detection system, the white blood cells are tested by the combined electrical impedance method (measuring cell volume) and the radio frequency conductivity method (detecting cell nucleus and particle density). The results divide the cells into three groups: lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.

2. Two detection systems for eosinophils and alkaliphils: A special hemolytic agent is added to the cell suspension. Except for eosinophils and alkaliphils, all other cells are dissolved or atrophied, and then the eosinophils or alkaliphils that remain intact are counted. 3. Immature cell detection system: Sulfated amino acids are added to the cell suspension. Due to different occupancy positions, more amino acids are bound to immature cells than to mature cells, and they are resistant to hemolytic agents. When hemolytic agents are added, mature cells are dissolved, and only possible immature cells are retained for counting. Currently, Sysmex's SE9000 blood cell analyzer uses this method to perform five-category classification.

4. Multi-angle laser polarized light scattering detection method The instrument using this technology uses sheath fluid to dilute the sample blood. After dilution, the internal structure of the white blood cells is close to the natural state. Only the alkaliphilic cells have a slight change in cell structure due to their hygroscopic properties. Hemoglobin in red blood cells is separated from the cells under the action of high osmotic pressure. The water in the sheath flow enters the red blood cells, leaving the cell membrane structure intact. It has the same refractive index as the sheath flow and does not affect the detection of white blood cells.

5. Simple cell detection method using image analysis This technology uses image analysis to stain the blood film, scan each field of view with a microscope containing a scanning lens, and compare and analyze the acquired cell image with the standard image stored in the instrument to determine the type of the cell. This type of instrument requires the support of a large computer system. Since electronic computer graphic recognition and analysis technology was not very developed at the time, the development of this type of equipment was restricted to a certain extent. The analysis speed was slow and the accuracy of cell judgment was unsatisfactory, so it did not become popular. Modern computer graphics and image analysis technology has made great progress due to the rapid development of electronic computer computing speed. If we can continue to develop such equipment, it should have great prospects because it is very intuitive and very close to the human judgment and analysis methods of cells.