What are the treatments for bladder cancer?

How to treat bladder cancer? The bladder is where urine gathers. Due to long-term stimulation by urine, the chance of developing lesions is relatively high. Now we ask experts to introduce this issue to you.

The incidence of bladder cancer has been increasing year by year in recent years. The cause of the disease is related to long-term exposure to certain chemical substances, such as aniline, benzidine, and B-naphthylamine, which may induce the disease. Long-term chronic cystitis, bladder stones, certain viral infections, leukoplakia, and smoking are also one of the causes of the disease.

At present, the standard treatments for bladder cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. For patients in the early stage, surgery combined with intravesical immunotherapy is the main treatment. For patients in the middle and late stages, comprehensive treatment combining surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the main treatment.

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the tumor's stage, malignancy, pathological type, size, location, and involvement of adjacent organs, the following three surgical methods are available:

(1) Local excision and electrocautery of bladder tumors, usually performed through cystoscopy. It is suitable for bladder papilloma with tumors that only infiltrate the mucosa or submucosa, low malignancy, and thin pedicle.

(2) Partial cystectomy is suitable for invasive papillary carcinoma with a limited range and tumors located far away from the bladder trigone and neck area. Most of the bladder can be preserved, and the patient can still urinate normally after the operation.

(3) Total cystectomy is suitable for patients with large, dispersed, multiple tumors that are not suitable for local resection; tumors located near the bladder trigone; or invasive tumors located at the bladder neck. During surgery, the prostate and seminal vesicles of men are usually removed, while the uterus, ovaries, and part of the vagina of women are removed. After the entire bladder is removed, urinary diversion is performed, and doctors usually use the intestines to create a pathway for storing and excreting urine.

Radiotherapy includes external radiation and internal radiation. However, the effect of using radiation as a single treatment for bladder cancer is not ideal. It is currently mainly used for palliative treatment of patients with advanced tumors, or as an adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy.

For bladder cancer, chemotherapy is mainly carried out through intracavitary infusion chemotherapy and inferior epigastric artery catheterization chemotherapy. The drug solution acts directly on tumor cells, and the side effects are much milder than systemic medication. Patients in the middle and late stages may need systemic medication.

Biological therapy can achieve the effect of fighting tumors by activating, enhancing and adjusting the patient's own immune system. BCG infusion is often used to prevent and treat bladder cancer.

During the treatment of bladder cancer, you should develop good living habits. Do not eat fried, pickled, smoked, burnt, or rotten food. Do not eat or eat as little spicy food as possible, such as pepper, mustard, and cumin. Drink moderate amounts of alcohol and avoid smoking as much as possible. Apart from the above, you can eat a reasonable diet, eat nutritious food, and be in a good mood.

The above is some knowledge about bladder cancer treatment that we have prepared for you today. We hope it can be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts. We are always ready to answer your questions and give you more detailed guidance.

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