What is the probability that cervical precancerous lesions will turn into cancer? What are the screening methods for cervical cancer?

Many people think that cervical cancer is difficult to cure, or even impossible to cure, and can only be controlled temporarily with drugs. But in fact, if you screen in time and find precancerous lesions, you have a chance to be cured. So, how should cervical cancer be screened? How should women find the signs of cervical cancer in their daily lives? And understand people's misunderstandings about cervical cancer, so that the true face of cervical cancer can be truly revealed to patients.

Cervical cancer/4 to 1/3 of cervical precancerous lesions will turn into cervical cancer

Every year, tens of thousands of patients are diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions, and about 200 are diagnosed with cervical cancer. Half of them are diagnosed in the early stage and can be operated, and about half are diagnosed in the middle and late stages, and have lost the opportunity for surgery and can only undergo radiotherapy and chemotherapy. About 1/4 to 1/3 of cervical precancerous lesions will turn into cervical cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer increases year by year from the age of 30, with a high incidence rate. At the age of 45 to 49 and 59 to 60, precancerous lesions are 5-10 years earlier than cervical cancer. 30 to 35 years old is the age when precancerous lesions are concentrated. Therefore, it is very necessary for women over 30 to check cervical cells once a year.

How should cervical cancer be screened?

Cervical cancer is known as the "pink killer" of women. Nearly 500,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year, half of whom are in Asian countries. There are about 130,000 new cases of cervical cancer each year, and about 30,000 die from the disease. It takes several years for cervical cancer to develop from precancerous lesions to cervical cancer. Timely screening for precancerous lesions can completely cure them, preserving the uterus and reproductive function.

Is cervical cancer reliable?

The main cause of cervical cancer is high-risk human papillomavirus (HpV), which causes more than 99% of cervical cancer cases. There are 13 high-risk strains of HpV, of which two strains are the most risky - HpV16 and 18, which can cause 70% of cervical cancers.

At present, the initial screening of cervical cancer mainly adopts cervical exfoliated cytology. Pap smear cytology was introduced 60 years ago, mainly checking cervical cell mutations, not whether there is HPV infection. However, the pasteurized coating must be operated by experienced laboratory personnel to ensure its accuracy. Liquid-based cytology testing (TCT) has been used for nearly 10 years, cervical cancer screening and production technology, which has improved the positive rate of cervical cancer screening. At the same time, the high-risk HPV adopted in the past 10 years can further understand the genetic detection of HPV infection as another method of screening cervical cancer. In March this year, the American Cancer Society updated the cervical cancer screening guidelines, recommending that women undergo cytology (pasteurized coating) every three years from the age of 21 to 65. Women aged 30-65 should first promote cytology combined with HPV testing every 5 years to extend the screening interval. It is not recommended for women under 30 years old to use it alone. HPV testing or combined cytology. Cervical cancer screening is not recommended for women over 65 years old.

Combined detection of Pap smear and high-risk HPV gene detection can improve the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening

At the recently concluded annual meeting of the Asian-Oceania Genital Infection and Tumor Research Organization, experts called for a re-discussion of the management guidelines for cervical cancer in the Asia-Pacific region to reduce the high mortality rate of this preventable disease. Professor Zhang Yaxian, director of pathology at the University of Hong Kong's Pap smear laboratory, said, "The latest HPV gene detection technology can help us detect problems as soon as possible before cell mutation or cancer occurs in women infected with HPV. The combined detection method of Pap smear and high-risk HPV gene detection can improve the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening. For some places that lack resources, supporting facilities and manpower, high-risk HPV gene detection is also a good choice for screening." It is reported that Roche's cobas4800HpV test has been certified by the China Food and Drug Administration.

People's awareness of cervical cancer screening is very important. Accurate screening methods are a strong guarantee for early detection of precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer. Early detection of precancerous lesions can nip the "pink killer" of cervical cancer in the bud.