What causes prostate cancer?

The occurrence of prostate cancer is related to many factors, including genetics, environment, physiology, trauma and pathology. Treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, drug therapy and lifestyle adjustment.

1. Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer. Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk, especially immediate family members. Certain gene mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are also associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

2. Environmental factors include diet and lifestyle. A high-fat diet, lack of vegetable and fruit intake, obesity, and long-term exposure to certain chemicals such as cadmium may increase the risk of prostate cancer. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet, increase the intake of vegetables and fruits, and reduce the consumption of red meat and processed foods.

3. Physiological factors such as age and hormone levels also affect the occurrence of prostate cancer. The risk of prostate cancer increases significantly with age, especially in men over 50 years old. Abnormal levels of male hormones such as testosterone may also promote the development of prostate cancer. Regular physical examinations and hormone level monitoring can help early detection and management.

4. Trauma and chronic inflammation may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Long-term prostate inflammation or infection may cause cell damage and mutation, which in turn increases the risk of cancer. Avoiding trauma to the prostate area and promptly treating prostatitis and infection are important preventive measures.

5. Pathological factors include diseases such as prostate hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis. These diseases may cause prostate tissue to be in a state of inflammation for a long time, increasing the risk of cancer. Regular prostate-specific antigen PSA testing and prostate examinations can help detect abnormalities early.

Treatments for prostate cancer include surgical resection, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Surgery such as radical prostatectomy is suitable for early-stage patients, radiation therapy includes external radiation and internal radiation therapy, and drug therapy includes anti-androgen drugs and chemotherapy drugs. Lifestyle adjustments such as healthy diet, moderate exercise, and smoking cessation can also help improve treatment effectiveness and quality of life.

The occurrence of prostate cancer is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors. By understanding these risk factors and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures, the risk of disease can be effectively reduced and the treatment effect can be improved. Regular physical examinations and a healthy lifestyle are the key to preventing and managing prostate cancer.