What are the treatments for bronchial asthma? Is bronchial asthma easy to cure?

Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disease. It is a chronic inflammatory disease with clinical characteristics of being difficult to cure and having repeated attacks. The symptoms are frequent pneumonia symptoms such as shortness of breath, stuffiness, long-term coughing, etc. When the disease occurs, the coughing symptoms often worsen at night, which has a great adverse impact on the patient's life.

Corticosteroids are the most effective drugs for controlling airway inflammation. The routes of administration include inhalation, oral administration and intravenous application, with inhalation being the preferred route.

(1) Inhalation administration: Inhaled hormones have a strong local anti-inflammatory effect. They are administered through the inhalation process, and the drug acts directly on the respiratory tract, so the required dose is smaller. Most of the drugs that enter the blood through the digestive tract and respiratory tract are inactivated by the liver, so there are fewer systemic adverse reactions.

(2) Solution administration: Budesonide solution is atomized and inhaled through a jet device powered by compressed air. It does not require high cooperation from the patient in breathing and has a rapid onset of effect. It is suitable for the treatment of acute attacks of mild to moderate asthma.

(3) Oral administration: Suitable for patients with moderate asthma attacks and chronic persistent asthma who have not responded to combined therapy with high-dose inhaled hormones, and as a sequential treatment after intravenous hormone therapy. Generally, hormones with a shorter half-life (such as prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone) are used. For hormone-dependent asthma, the drug can be taken once a day or every other morning to reduce the inhibitory effect of exogenous hormones on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The optimal maintenance dose of prednisone is ≤10 mg per day.

(4) Intravenous administration: In case of severe acute asthma attack, hydrocortisone succinate (400-1000 mg/day) or methylprednisolone (80-160 mg/day) should be given intravenously in a timely manner. Those who are not prone to hormone dependence can stop taking the medication within a short period of time (3 to 5 days); those who are prone to hormone dependence should extend the medication time, switch to oral medication after controlling asthma symptoms, and gradually reduce the dosage of hormones.