Influenza A virus antigen positive

There are many types of influenza viruses. A positive influenza A virus antigen does not mean H1N1 influenza, but a different type of infection. Influenza A is more common, so there is no need to be nervous. If there is no clear bacterial infection, antibiotics are not needed. Only the first two types are needed. Then eat a light diet and take appropriate walks to improve blood circulation and help recovery. Eat a light diet, eat less fat, meat and dairy products, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables to reduce physical stress. Don't worry too much.

Getting a flu shot is the most effective way to avoid getting the flu. Since influenza viruses mutate frequently, the main problem in vaccine use is the selection of virus strains. The strains used to make vaccines should be close to the prevalent strains. In September and February of each year, the WHO Global Influenza Program Group recommends the use of influenza vaccine components for the next influenza season, which usually starts in May or June in the southern hemisphere and in November or December in the northern hemisphere. The composition is based on surveillance information from a global network of National Influenza Centres and WHO Collaborating Centres. Current influenza vaccines contain two subtypes of influenza A virus antigens (H3N2 and H1N1) and one subtype of influenza B virus antigen. There are 3 types of these vaccines:

1. Whole virus vaccines are made up of entire inactivated viruses, so the side effects are relatively large. Whole virus vaccination has been largely replaced by other approaches.

2. The split virus vaccine is composed of virus particles that have been treated with detergents and split. The split influenza vaccine includes components such as surface antigens, hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein and matrix protein. This vaccine is suitable for adults and children.

3. Subunit vaccines are mainly composed of HA and NA from which other viral components have been removed and which only produce antibody protective responses. Due to its high purity, it is safer and more tolerable, making it especially suitable for children.

Flu vaccines are usually not adjuvanted. However, the European Union has recently approved a subunit vaccine containing a new oil-in-water adjuvant (MF59). This vaccine appears to enhance antibody responses in the elderly, but the clinical significance of this finding needs further clarification. Live influenza vaccines are already used in the former Soviet Union and some other countries. Trials of intranasal administration of live influenza vaccines are currently underway in the United States.

The effectiveness of existing inactivated influenza vaccines for high-risk groups has been proven, but their protection period is limited, they need to be administered every year, and possible adverse reactions after injection, as well as the lack of local and cellular immunity, have prompted the development of a spray-type attenuated live influenza vaccine. In the early days, the former Soviet Union and Japan both developed spray-type live attenuated influenza vaccines, but the reported effectiveness data were not convincing. Recently, cold-adapted and reassortant virus strains have been tested more carefully with excellent results. Trials in children have shown high efficacy, and trials in adults have shown that the live vaccine has a synergistic effect on the immunogenicity of the inactivated virus.