What is the standard staging of gallbladder cancer

In recent years, gallbladder cancer has become one of the major diseases that endangers society and human health, and it has brought great pain and distress to humans. In order to reduce the incidence of gallbladder cancer, we humans should master the standard staging of gallbladder cancer:

1. Classification

Gallbladder cancer is divided into two types: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The former accounts for about 71%-90%, while the latter is less than 10%. Adenocarcinoma is further divided into the following types:

1. Papillary adenocarcinoma may be caused by the malignant transformation of papillary or polyp. The tumor grows into the gallbladder cavity, affecting the emptying of the gallbladder. There are ulcers on the surface of the tumor, which is easy to cause infection. If the tumor blocks the gallbladder neck, it can cause the gallbladder to swell and the gallbladder wall to thin, similar to gallbladder abscess or effusion.

2. Invasive adenocarcinoma is more common, accounting for about 70% of adenocarcinomas, and can cause the gallbladder to shrink and the gallbladder wall to become hard and thick.

3. Sclerosing adenocarcinoma may be accompanied by bile duct sclerosis, leading to obstruction in any part of the bile duct.

4. Mucinous adenocarcinoma tumors are soft and easily ruptured, leading to gallbladder perforation.

2. Clinical staging

(Nevein and Maron's classification based on the depth and extent of invasion of the gallbladder wall, 1976)

Stage I: Cancerous tissue is limited to the mucosa, that is, carcinoma in situ.

Stage II: invasion into the muscular layer.

Stage III: Cancerous tissue invades the entire thickness of the gallbladder wall.

Stage IV: invasion of the entire gallbladder wall with metastasis to surrounding lymph nodes

Stage V: Direct invasion of the liver or metastasis to other organs or distant metastasis.

TNM staging

T1: The tumor has invaded the gallbladder wall.

T1a: The tumor invades the mucosa.

T1b: The tumor has invaded muscle tissue.

T2: The tumor invades the muscular layer and surrounding tissues.

T3: Serosa and/or 1 organ are involved (liver infiltration ≤ 2 cm).

T4: 2 or more organs are involved, or the liver mass is > 2 cm.

N1a: bile duct and duodenal ligament lymph node metastasis.

N1b: Metastasis to other regional lymph nodes.

M0: No distant metastasis.

M1: There is distant metastasis.

The above is the standard staging of gallbladder cancer. Expert Tip: If you have symptoms of disease, do not delay diagnosis and go to a regular hospital for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts or call for consultation.

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