How to diagnose melanoma

I believe everyone has a certain understanding of melanoma. This is a relatively harmful disease that not only affects the patient's physical and mental health, but also brings great troubles to the patient's family and work. Patients should discover it in time and go to the hospital for diagnosis in time. So, how to diagnose melanoma? Let us learn about the diagnosis method of melanoma below.

How to diagnose melanoma? The main points are as follows:

1. Junctional nevi should be closely observed. If a nevus rapidly increases in size in a short period of time, and its pigmentation deepens and spreads around the skin, or the hair on the nevus falls off instantly, or granular satellite nodules continue to form around the nevus, and the lymph nodes in the area are swollen, etc., these are all important indicators for diagnosing the disease.

2. Biopsy pathology examination shows epithelioid tumor cells and melanin components mixed under the microscope, with a complex and variable structure. Melanin bodies can be seen under the electron microscope, thus avoiding the appearance of positive lesions. These can confirm the disease.

3. Anti-human melanoma serum is used for indirect immunofluorescence labeling of melanin tissue. When the anti-serum is diluted to 1:2, the highest positive rate can reach 89%. This is an important diagnostic test method for melanoma.

4. The diagnosis of melanoma can be carried out using the Vacca double PAP immunoenzyme labeling method. When the antiserum dilution is 1:400, 82.41% of the samples show a positive reaction.

5. Pigmentogen test: melanin is oxidized after being excreted by the kidneys, making the urine dark brown, which is called black urine. If ferric chloride, potassium dichromate, and sulfuric acid are added to the urine, its oxidation can be promoted. If sodium nitrate is added, the urine will be purple; if acetic acid is added first and then sodium hydroxide, the urine will be blue. This is also a diagnostic test for melanoma.

Melanoma differential diagnosis:

This disease should be differentiated from benign borderline tumors, juvenile melanoma and cellular blue nevus, and should also be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma.

1. Benign junctional nevus: Microscopically, benign large nevus cells are seen, without heterosexual cells. They only grow in the dermis, and their inflammatory reaction is not obvious.

2. Juvenile melanoma: It appears as a slowly growing round nodule on the face of a child. Microscopically, the cells are pleomorphic and have nuclear divisions. The tumor cells do not infiltrate the epidermis, and no ulcers form on the surface of the tumor.

3. Cellular blue nevus: It often occurs on the buttocks, coccyx, and waist. It appears as a light blue nodule with a smooth and irregular surface. Under the microscope, dark black cells with dendritic processes and large prismatic cells can be seen, which are aggregated into cell islands. When there are nuclear division phases or necrotic areas, the possibility of malignancy should be considered.

How to diagnose melanoma? The above is a detailed introduction for you. I believe everyone has a certain understanding. Patients must discover it in time and go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time to avoid misdiagnosis and delay the best time for disease treatment, thereby reducing unnecessary harm.