Overview of the high incidence of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is a very common type of cancer in recent years. This disease affects everyone, young or old, and there is no specific population group for the disease. Many patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer want to know the current high incidence of thyroid cancer so that people around them can take timely precautions. So today we will talk about the overview of the high incidence of thyroid cancer.

When it comes to the general situation of thyroid cancer, we have to say that many lifestyle habits now lead to an increasing number of patients suffering from thyroid cancer. So what exactly causes it? Let us explore it together:

1. Iodine and thyroid cancer: Iodine is an essential trace element for the human body. Iodine deficiency leads to reduced thyroid hormone synthesis, increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, stimulating thyroid follicle hyperplasia, goiter, and the appearance of thyroid hormones, which increases the incidence of thyroid cancer. There is no consensus on this issue. A high-iodine diet may increase the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer.

2. Radiation and thyroid cancer: Irradiating the thyroid gland of experimental mice with X-rays can induce thyroid cancer in the animals, deform the cell nucleus, and greatly reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormone, leading to cancer. On the other hand, the thyroid gland is damaged and cannot produce endocrine hormones. The resulting large amount of TSH secretion can also promote thyroid cell cancer.

3. The role of sex hormones and thyroid cancer: Since there are significantly more females than males in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, the relationship between sex hormones and thyroid cancer has received attention. When comparing the size of well-differentiated thyroid cancer tumors in clinical practice, it is found that the tumors of young people are usually larger than those of adults. Young people also develop cervical lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis of thyroid cancer earlier than adults, but the prognosis is better than that of adults. The incidence rate of females increases significantly after the age of 10. It is possible that increased estrogen secretion is related to the occurrence of thyroid cancer in young people. Therefore, some people have studied sex hormone receptors in thyroid cancer tissues and found that sex hormone receptors exist in thyroid tissues: estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and ER in thyroid cancer tissues, but the effect of sex hormones on thyroid cancer has not been determined yet.

4. Chronic stimulation of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid cancer. Thyroid: The follicles are highly differentiated and have the functions of iodine accumulation and synthesis of thyroglobulin. TSH also regulates the growth of thyroid follicular cells through the cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. Thyroid cancer may occur. Increased serum TSH levels can induce nodular goiter. Follicular thyroid cancer can be induced after administration of mutagens and TSH stimulation. Clinical studies have shown that TSH inhibition therapy plays an important role in the postoperative treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, whether TSH stimulation is a pathogenic factor in the occurrence of thyroid cancer remains to be confirmed.

The above are just the most common causes related to the onset of thyroid cancer. There are many other causes that can cause thyroid cancer, but they are not the most common ones, so patients only need to understand these most common causes.