What causes prostate cancer

Treatments for prostate cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, and drug therapy. Its occurrence is closely related to genetic, environmental, physiological factors, and pathological changes. The etiology of prostate cancer is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, hormone levels, and chronic inflammation.

1. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of prostate cancer. Men with a family history of prostate cancer have a significantly increased risk of the disease, and certain gene mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are also associated with prostate cancer. For men with a family history, regular prostate-specific antigen PSA testing and rectal examination are recommended for early detection and treatment.

2. Environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle and chemical exposure also affect the occurrence of prostate cancer. A high-fat diet, lack of exercise, smoking and long-term exposure to certain chemicals such as cadmium and pesticides may increase the risk of disease. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet, increase the intake of vegetables and fruits, reduce the consumption of red meat and processed foods, and avoid smoking and reduce chemical exposure.

3. Physiological factors such as age and hormone levels are important risk factors for prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer increases significantly with age, especially in men over 50 years old. Excessive androgen levels may also promote the development of prostate cancer. For middle-aged and elderly men, regular physical examinations and monitoring of hormone levels are the key to preventing and early detection of prostate cancer.

4. Pathological factors such as chronic prostatitis and prostatic hyperplasia may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation may cause cell DNA damage, which in turn leads to cancer. Although prostatic hyperplasia itself is not a precancerous lesion, it may mask the symptoms of prostate cancer. Patients with chronic prostatitis or prostatic hyperplasia should be closely monitored for changes in their condition and further examinations should be performed if necessary.

Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer are crucial. Genetic counseling, a healthy lifestyle, regular physical examinations and timely treatment can effectively reduce the risk of disease and improve the cure rate.