How to treat uric acid stones

One of the more important causes of stone-like diseases is the concentration of uric acid, which gradually forms stones. For example, when the amount of urine is relatively small, the uric acid content in the overly concentrated urine is very high, which can easily form stones. When uric acid stones appear, they must be treated in a timely manner. If the symptoms are relatively mild, they can be treated by taking medication. If they are more serious, they can be treated by laser or lithotripsy.

1. Conservative treatment:

Drugs can dissolve uric acid stones and are an effective and inexpensive treatment method and should be considered the first choice. Corresponding to the mechanism of uric acid formation, the conservative treatment of uric acid stones also includes three aspects: (1) increasing urine volume. The daily urine volume is generally required to be above 2000ml, which is beneficial for treatment and prevention. In fact, patients with any type of urinary stones should increase urine output. Drinking orange juice is a recommended method. Studies have shown that drinking 1200ml of orange juice every day is equivalent to taking 60mmol of potassium citrate, which can increase the urine pH value from 5.7 to 6.5. At the same time, the urinary citrate content increased from 571 mg/d to 952 mg/d. It has preventive and therapeutic effects on uric acid stones and calcium stones.

(2) Alkalinize urine. Alkalinized urine is the most effective method of dissolving stones. During medication, the urine pH value should be monitored 2-3 times a day to maintain it between 6-6.54, and excessive alkalinity should be avoided. If pH>7.0, phosphate in urine will easily crystallize and precipitate to form phosphate stones. It is estimated that when the alkalinization effect is good, the dissolution rate of pure uric acid stones can reach 1 cm/month.

2. Surgical treatment:

①Alkaline environment can reduce the surface energy of stones and improve lithotripsy efficiency.

②After the stones are broken, the medicine will be more effective.

③Small stones may remain after lithotripsy. Uric acid stones generally do not require open surgery. (3) Reduce uric acid, including reducing the intake of high-purine foods and taking allopurinol, and refraining from drinking alcohol. Allopurinol can significantly reduce the level of uric acid in blood and urine. This drug can cause rash, fever, acute gout, etc. Long-term use can increase the levels of xanthine and hypoxanthine in the body, and there is a possibility of the formation of stones of corresponding components. The usual dose is 300 mg/d, taken in divided doses or all at once.