Transfusion transmitted diseases

Blood transfusion is a very common thing in normal times. When there are some diseases or accidental injuries, if there is too much blood loss, blood transfusion is needed. There are also many people who need blood transfusion in normal times. However, some people do not know much about blood transfusion. They are afraid that blood transfusion will cause them to be infected with many infectious diseases and affect their health. In fact, during the blood transfusion process, if the system is strictly followed, the disease will generally not be spread.

What diseases can be transmitted through blood transfusion?

In the city, there are many fixed blood donation points and mobile blood donation vehicles to provide convenience for everyone to donate blood. The hospital also provides a blood donation window, and caring friends will donate blood according to their own circumstances. After the blood enters the blood bank, it must be tested first. It is first separated into serum and red blood cells by a centrifuge, and then subjected to blood type testing, transaminase testing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nucleic acid testing. However, these routine blood test methods and technologies detect antibodies (such as hepatitis C anti-HCV) or antigens (such as hepatitis B HBsAg) to the virus, rather than the virus itself. Some people are infected with viruses. After these viruses enter the human body, it takes some time for antibodies to be produced. The time period from infection to antibody production is the "window period". If the blood donor is in the antibody window period and the virus is already in his blood, and he donates blood and this blood is transfused to others, the infection rate of the recipient should be 100%. The blood station conducted antibody screening strictly in accordance with national regulations, but because the infection occurred during the antibody window period, the blood station did not violate national regulations.

The most common diseases with a window period include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, AIDS, etc. Their window periods also vary in length. With the continuous advancement of medicine, the "window period" is getting shorter and shorter. The treatment periods for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and AIDS have been shortened from 50 days, 72 days and 22 days to the current 25 days, 59 days and 11 days. If you are infected with such a virus and donate blood during the "window period", the virus cannot be detected. At the same time, the virus is most infectious during this stage. That is to say, the blood donor meant well but mistakenly did something bad and transmitted the disease to the blood recipient.

What are the precautions for blood transfusion?

1 Before blood transfusion, two medical staff must check the cross-matching report and the contents of the blood bag label to see if the blood bag is damaged or leaking, and whether the blood color is normal. Only when it is accurate can it be transfused.

2 When performing a blood transfusion, two medical staff members will bring the medical records to the patient's bedside to check the patient's name, gender, age, medical record number, ward, bed number, blood type, etc., and confirm that they are consistent with the blood matching report. After checking the blood again, the blood transfusion will be performed using a standard blood transfusion device.

3 The retrieved blood should be transfused within 30 minutes.

It is not allowed to be left at room temperature or in a refrigerator without temperature monitoring for a long time. Except for the operating room, emergency room, and intensive care unit, the medicines should be collected bag by bag in principle and delivered and taken immediately. Before transfusion, gently mix the contents of the blood bag to avoid violent shaking. No other drugs should be added to the blood. If dilution is required, only 0.9% sodium chloride solution can be injected intravenously.

4. Flush the blood transfusion line with 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously before and after blood transfusion.

. When continuously transfusing blood from different donors, flush the transfusion device with 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously after the previous bag of blood has been transfused, and then continue transfusing the next bag of blood. When blood components are transfused continuously,

The blood transfusion set should be replaced at least once every 12 hours (if the room temperature is too high, increase the replacement frequency appropriately).

5 When multiple blood components are required, platelets should be given priority.

6 Pediatric patients should use special transfusion sets when possible

, so that the whole blood and blood components first flow into a graduated container connected to the blood transfusion device to accurately control the input volume and input speed.

7 During blood transfusion, the blood should be transfused slowly at first and then quickly.

Especially in the first 15 minutes of blood transfusion, the rate should be slow, not exceeding 20 drops/min, and then the infusion speed should be adjusted according to the patient's condition and age.

8 Time limit for blood transfusion:

Once blood is removed from proper storage conditions, there is a risk of bacterial growth or loss of function.