What tests should be done during pregnancy?

If women find that their menstruation is delayed and they have had sex before, they should consider the factor of pregnancy. If they want to know whether they are pregnant, a simple and effective method is to use a pregnancy test stick. If they find that they are really pregnant, they need to go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible. In the future, they should have regular pregnancy checks during the pregnancy, and the examination items that need to be done will be different at different stages of pregnancy.

What tests should be done during pregnancy?

Prenatal care should begin when the pregnant woman is diagnosed with early intrauterine pregnancy. At this time, in addition to understanding whether there are any abnormalities in the soft birth canal and internal reproductive organs, it is also necessary to measure blood pressure as a baseline blood pressure, check the heart and lungs, and measure urine protein and urine sugar. For those with a family history of genetic diseases or a history of adverse delivery, chorionic villus culture should be performed in the second trimester and amniotic fluid should be drawn for chromosome karyotype analysis to reduce the birth rate of children with congenital defects and genetic diseases.

If no abnormalities are found in the above examinations, a series of prenatal examinations should be carried out starting from the 20th week of pregnancy. Starting from the 20th week of pregnancy, the examination should be conducted every 4 weeks; starting from the 36th week of pregnancy, the examination should be conducted once a week. That is to say, pregnant women should come to the hospital for prenatal check-ups at 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 weeks of pregnancy, a total of 9 check-ups. If it is a high-risk pregnancy, the number of prenatal examinations should be increased as appropriate according to the doctor's advice.

During each prenatal check-up, in addition to routine medical history inquiries, measurement of weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, uterine fundus height, fetal heart rate, review of fetal position, inspection for edema, proteinuria and other abnormalities, and provision of appropriate treatment, corresponding auxiliary examinations are also required at different times.

During early pregnancy (before the 12th week of pregnancy):

(1) Perform B-ultrasound examination to exclude ectopic pregnancy, understand the intrauterine development of the fetus, and measure whether the size of the fetus is consistent with the time of menopause;

(2) Biochemical screening "TORCH" to check whether the fetus has been infected with rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, herpes simplex virus, etc. These are pathogens that can cause intrauterine infection and may lead to adverse outcomes.

(3) Conduct hepatitis virus screening to detect pregnant women with the disease as early as possible, and take active and passive immunization methods as early as possible to cut off mother-to-child transmission of the virus.

(4) Routine blood and urine examination to find out whether the patient has anemia, blood diseases and urinary system diseases.

During the second trimester (weeks 13-27 of pregnancy):

(1) It is best to have a color B-ultrasound examination around the 22nd week of pregnancy to fully understand the intrauterine development of the fetus and rule out fetal malformations;

(2) Glucose screening is performed at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. If the screening result is positive, a glucose tolerance test is performed to detect pregnancy complicated with diabetes and whether the patient has gestational diabetes as early as possible;

(3) MP measurement should be performed at 20 weeks of pregnancy to predict the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

(4) Screening for Down syndrome (congenital idiocy) should be performed between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy.

During the third trimester (28th week of pregnancy and beyond):

(1) Fetal monitoring can be performed starting from the 32nd week of pregnancy. On the one hand, it can continuously observe and record the dynamic changes of the fetal heart rate. On the other hand, it can also predict the intrauterine reserve capacity of the fetus. Doctors recommend that it is best to monitor once a week.

(2) Umbilical cord blood flow examination mainly detects the resistance of fetal umbilical cord blood flow and understands whether the fetus has intrauterine hypoxia.

(3) B-ultrasound examination to understand the maturity of the placenta, the amount of amniotic fluid and the growth and development of the fetus;

(4) Around 36 weeks, check blood type, four coagulation tests, kidney function, and recheck liver function to prepare for delivery.