Different common types of skin tumors

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are common types of skin tumors. They are both low in malignancy, slow in development, easy to detect and convenient for biopsy. If they can be diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis is good. Let's take a look at the details below, hoping to help you!

Skin cancer refers to a malignant tumor that occurs on the epidermis of the skin. Skin cancer often occurs in exposed parts of the body, such as the head, face, neck, back of the hands, etc., accounting for 81.1%. Skin cancer is divided into basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The former often occurs beside the eyes, nose, nasolabial folds and cheeks, while the latter often occurs in the temples, eyelids, ears, scalp, lips and other parts. The occurrence of skin cancer is related to long-term exposure to sunlight, X-rays and thermal radiation, frequent contact with chemicals such as petroleum, asphalt, arsenic, tar, and long-lasting ulcers. Skin cancer mainly occurs in the elderly, among which basal cell carcinoma is more common in people over 40 years old, and squamous cell carcinoma is more common in people over 50 years old. Common types of skin tumors:

1. Basal cell carcinoma is generally divided into 4 types, the most common of which is the nodular ulcerative type.

(1) Nodular ulcerative type: Initially, a small waxy nodule ranging in size from a millet to a pea appears on the epidermis. The epidermis is generally quite hard, and there are often a few dilated capillaries on the surface, which are slightly higher than the skin surface, or only resemble erythema but not obviously raised, or slightly nodular, with the surface skin slightly sunken. The nodule may gradually expand or new lesions may appear nearby, merging with each other to form a disc-shaped plaque with a waxy luster. The center often forms a brown, yellowish brown or dark gray scab, and then an ulcer occurs under the scab, gradually expanding to form a round, oval or irregular ulcer, ranging in size from a fingernail to a copper coin. The ulcer has a firm and rolled edge, often translucent and uneven, and there is no inflammation on the surrounding skin. The bottom has a pearly or waxy appearance, and sometimes the lesion surface is completely covered by scab. The ulcer slowly expands to the surrounding and deep parts, like a rat bite, forming a typical clinical form of basal cell carcinoma, called erosive ulcer. Ulcers can partially heal and form scars, or they can spread to the subcutaneous tissue and even cartilage and bone. Various tissues can be destroyed and form deep pits. If they occur on the face, they can destroy the cartilage and bone tissue in the nose, ears, eye sockets, maxillary sinus, etc., causing bleeding or intracranial invasion or disfigurement. Basal cell carcinoma lesions develop slowly, and generally rarely metastasize to regional lymph nodes or elsewhere.

(2) Pigmented type: The nodules are shallower than the flat surface, and the lesions are the same as the nodular ulcer type. Because it contains more pigment, the edges of the lesions have a pearly luster, as well as dark brown or black-brown pigment spots in the form of dots or reticular patterns. Pigmentation can also be seen in the central part. After the scab is formed, it is easy to bleed. The area under the scab may be dark brown or even charcoal black granules, similar to malignant melanoma, and can be easily misdiagnosed.

(3) Morpho-fibrotic or fibrotic type: Commonly seen on the head and neck, they are hard, light yellow or yellowish-white plaques that are slightly raised with unclear borders, similar to morbidity. They can remain intact for a long time and eventually rupture.

(4) Superficial type: The lesions are superficial, mostly occurring on the trunk, and appear as one or several infiltrative erythema, with desquamation or crusting on the surface, and the edges or the entire lesion are slightly raised, with at least part of the edge presenting a small pearl-like or linear embankment. This type may eventually become fibrotic. It is similar to psoriasis, eczema, or seborrheic dermatitis.

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

There is no obvious difference in clinical manifestations between early squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. However, squamous cell carcinoma often occurs in skin that has been in an abnormal state for a long time, and is often transformed from keratosis, mucosal leukoplakia or other precancerous diseases. The initial skin lesion is often a dry, hard papule or nodule as big as a millet or soybean, with a dark red surface or telangiectasia, rough and uneven, with tightly attached keratin in the center, which is not easy to peel off. Forced peeling can easily cause bleeding, and keratin will grow again after peeling. Later, ulcers may occur in the center, and the ulcer surface continues to increase. Its development is faster than basal cell carcinoma. In a relatively short period of time, a cancerous ulcer with milky white particles or necrotic tissue is formed. Sometimes a fairly deep ulcer is formed, resembling a volcanic vent. If combined with infection, there will be sticky pus, abnormal odor, and conscious pain. Some squamous cell carcinomas develop outward and can adhere to deep tissues to form a vegetation with a broad base, which looks like a milky or cauliflower-like tumor.

Do you understand the common types of skin tumors that the experts briefly introduced above? Do you have any questions? Welcome to consult our online experts, we will serve you sincerely!

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