Advantages of Fluorescent Cystoscopy for Bladder Carcinoma in Situ

Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that accounts for more than 90% of urinary system tumors, and most of them develop from bladder carcinoma in situ. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose bladder carcinoma in situ as early as possible. Fluorescent cystoscopy is used in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma in situ and has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Fluorescence cystoscopy

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) can be instilled into the patient's bladder to see whether fluorescent substances are produced and specifically accumulated in tumor cells, and whether strong red fluorescence can be produced under laser excitation. The red fluorescence can contrast with the blue fluorescence of normal bladder mucosa, so it can be further identified.

Advantages of Fluorescence Cystoscopy

1. Fluorescent cystoscopy has high sensitivity. After intravesical instillation of 5-ALA, fluorescent cystoscopy is performed to compare the fluorescent positive area, the normal area observed under daylight, and the abnormal area. It can be found that fluorescent cystoscopy can identify tissues that have fluorescent reactions but are normal under naked eye observation. The sensitivity of fluorescent cystoscopy can be as high as 98%.

2. Fluorescent cystoscopy has high specificity. This examination can detect tiny cancerous tissues and bladder carcinoma in situ that are difficult to detect with conventional cystoscopy, greatly improving the detection rate of bladder carcinoma in situ. It is simple and safe to use, and has no obvious toxic and side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance in the diagnosis and differentiation of bladder cancer in clinical practice.