The cause and pathology of lymphoma

The cause of malignant lymphoma has not been fully elucidated yet, but there are the following related factors: ① Epstein-Barr virus infection. In 1964, Epstein et al. first isolated EDstein-Barr (EB) virus from Burkitt lymphoma tissue of African children; ② Immunodeficiency. In recent years, it has been found that patients with hereditary or acquired immunodeficiency have more lymphoma than normal people. Among those who develop malignant tumors after long-term use of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation, 1/3 are lymphoma; ③ Ionizing radiation can also cause the occurrence of this disease; ④ The relationship between genetic factors and the etiology of this disease has also been reported. Sometimes obvious familial aggregation can be seen. Malignant lymphoma is pathologically divided into two major categories: Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which can be further divided into different types according to the size, morphology and distribution of tumor cells.

1. Hodgkin's disease (HL)

HD is a special type of malignant lymphoma. Histological diagnosis mainly relies on finding characteristic RS cells on the background of polymorphic inflammatory infiltration. In 1965, the Ryc International Conference determined that it is divided into four types: ① Lymphocyte-dominant type (LP): mainly characterized by proliferation of medium and small lymphocytes, sometimes mainly by proliferation of tissue cells, and typical RS cells are not easy to find. However, there are often many LH cells. ② Nodular sclerosis type (NS): characterized by birefringent wide collagen fiber bundles that separate the lymphatic tissue with lacunar RS cells into nodules of varying sizes, and typical RS cells are rare. ③ Mixed cell type (MC): There are many typical RS cells and H cells, and the inflammatory cells are obviously polymorphic. Accompanied by vascular proliferation and fibrosis. ④ Lymphocyte attenuation type (LD): In addition to the presence of typical RS cells, many polymorphic RS cells (reticular cell type) or diffuse non-birefringent fibrous tissue proliferation may also appear, and reactive inflammatory cells are significantly reduced.

2. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)

At present, the most commonly used one is the 1981 recommendation of an international expert group, called the International Classification of Work.