What are the precautions for rabies vaccine and immune protein?

Nowadays, more and more people keep pets, so dog bites are also more common. Everyone should know that if you are accidentally bitten by a dog, you need to get a rabies vaccine. But the fact is that a small number of people will still get rabies after receiving the rabies vaccine. Although this situation does not occur often, it cannot be ignored. Today I will tell you why you need to inject immunoglobulin after vaccination against rabies.

Why do people still get rabies after being vaccinated?

1. The doctor said that the woman was given a rabies vaccine immediately after being bitten by a wild dog. The treatment was very timely, and there was a high possibility of an accident.

2. Possible reasons for the accident include: the biting dog has a large number of rabies viruses in its body and is highly pathogenic; the dog bite wound is very deep, making it difficult to treat; the rabies virus has spread along the nervous system before the vaccine is injected; after the vaccine is injected, the patient's body has not yet produced antibodies, and the rabies virus has begun to spread along the nerves; the patient's personal immune status is low and cannot produce antibodies to resist the rabies virus, etc.

3. The most critical measures to prevent rabies are to immediately and properly treat the wound after rabies exposure, administer human rabies vaccine as soon as possible, and use rabies passive immunization preparations.

4. After the injection of rabies vaccine, it takes some time for antibodies to be produced, and generally they will be gradually produced 7-9 days after the injection. The production of antibodies is related to individual immune function.

Four groups of people should focus on testing antibody production

However, clinically, nearly 1% of people are unable to produce antibodies after vaccination. Therefore, Director Jiang recommends that the following groups undergo antibody testing 15-20 days after the full course of vaccination to test antibody production and consolidate the treatment effect:

① Those with "rabies phobia" or who strongly demand testing; ② Those with low immunity and long-term use of immunosuppressants; ③ Those with poor compliance and failure to receive vaccination according to the vaccination schedule; ④ Professionals who frequently come into contact with rabies virus or patients.

Should I inject immunoglobulin when I get the vaccine?

In daily life, many citizens are asked to inject "rabies immunoglobulin" when getting vaccinated in the hospital. Director Jiang introduced that immunoglobulin, also known as the "rabies passive immunization preparation" mentioned above, refers to the direct introduction of rabies virus antibodies into the body. It has the characteristics of rapid onset and short duration of effect, and can be quickly used to "block" the virus. Depending on the patient's degree of exposure, immune globulin should be injected after rabies vaccination if necessary.

Exposure level classification

Level I: 1. Contact or feeding of animals; 2. Licking of intact skin.

Recommendation: No action is required if the contact method is confirmed to be reliable.

Level II: 1. Exposed skin is lightly bitten; 2. Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding.

Recommendations: 1. Treat the wound; 2. Get rabies vaccine.

Level III: 1. Single or multiple penetrating skin bites or scratches; 2. Licking of broken skin; 3. Contamination of open wounds or mucous membranes.

Recommendations: 1. Treat wounds; 2. Inject rabies immunoglobulin; 3. Inject rabies vaccine,

Can pregnant women and children receive rabies vaccination?

According to statistics, the incidence rate after being bitten by sick dogs is 15%. If the wound is treated in time and vaccination is carried out, the incidence rate can be reduced to 1%. However, there are no contraindications to human rabies vaccine, including infants, pregnant women, breastfeeding women and those with weakened immune systems. If they have a history of severe allergies, other serious diseases or other conditions that are not suitable for vaccination, they should also be vaccinated under close supervision.