Diagnosis of endometrial cancer examination items

In our daily life, the incidence of endometrial cancer is getting higher and higher. It has become a relatively serious disease that threatens the health of female friends and harms the uterus of female friends. It is necessary for everyone to understand the examination methods of endometrial cancer. If you find any physical discomfort, you can make a confirmed diagnosis to buy time for treatment.

Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine body cancer, refers to cancer that occurs in the endometrium, most of which are adenocarcinomas. It is one of the three most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive tract, with a peak age of 58 to 61 years old, accounting for about 7% of all female cancers and 20 to 30% of female reproductive tract malignant tumors. In recent years, the incidence rate has been on the rise, approaching or even exceeding that of cervical cancer.

1. Hysteroscopy

At present, hysteroscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Fiber hysteroscopy is the most widely used in China. About 20% of patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding have endometrial cancer. The use of hysteroscopy can directly observe the cervical canal and uterine cavity, detect lesions and accurately take biopsies, which can improve the diagnosis rate of biopsy and avoid missed diagnoses by conventional curettage. It can also provide information such as the scope of the lesion and whether the cervical canal is involved, and assist in correct clinical staging before surgery. However, since uterine distension fluid must be injected during hysteroscopy, it may flow into the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes, causing cancer cells to spread and affecting the prognosis. This should be noted.

2. Cystoscopy and proctoscopy

It is important to determine whether there is tumor invasion, but biopsy confirmation is required to confirm bladder or rectal involvement.

3. Lymphangiography

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show that lymph node metastasis is the main route of spread of endometrial cancer. Literature reports that the lymph node metastasis rate of stage I endometrial cancer is 10.6% and that of stage II endometrial cancer is 36.5%. Lymph node angiography can be used in preoperative examination to predict whether lymph node metastasis is present, but the operation is complicated and puncture is difficult, making it difficult to promote its application in clinical practice. Since the application of the new surgical-pathological staging system of FIG0 in 1989, surgical pathological examination can be used to determine whether lymph node metastasis is present, which can accurately determine the prognosis. The scope of application of lymph node angiography has been narrower than before. CT and MRI are mainly used to understand the uterine cavity, cervical lesions, depth of myometrial invasion, whether lymph nodes are enlarged (more than 2 cm), etc. Due to their high cost, they have not yet been used as routine examinations. At present, it is believed that MRI has great value in providing imaging information such as myometrial invasion and whether retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, and can be used to guide treatment (FIGO, 2003).

4. B-mode ultrasound examination

In recent years, B-mode ultrasound examination has developed rapidly, especially transvaginal B-mode ultrasound examination, which has been widely used in gynecological clinic (transvaginalultransoundexamination, TVB). It has made certain progress in assisting the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Transvaginal B-mode ultrasound examination can understand the size of the uterus, the shape of the uterine cavity, the presence of vegetation in the uterine cavity, the thickness of the endometrium, the presence of infiltration and depth of the myometrium (Sahakian, 1991), and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and pathological sampling (uterine cavity biopsy, or curettage). For postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding, further diagnosis methods can be selected based on the results of transvaginal B-mode ultrasound examination.

The above are the examination methods for endometrial cancer introduced to you, so it is necessary for everyone to understand and know that endometrial cancer is not a very scary disease. As long as we do adequate preventive care and go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time, we will believe that the life of female friends is very colorful.