Can a routine gynecological examination detect ovarian tumors?

Ovarian tumors refer to tumors that occur on the ovaries. In recent years, great progress has been made in both basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignant tumors. Unfortunately, the 5-year survival rate has not improved significantly. So, what are the examination items for ovarian tumors? The following experts will introduce the examination items for ovarian tumors.

1. Ascites cytology examination

Puncture the iliac fossa in the lower abdomen. If there is little ascites, puncture the posterior fornix to draw out the ascites and check for cancer cells.

2. Tumor marker determination

(1) CA125 has important reference value for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer, especially serous cystadenocarcinoma, followed by endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, it can also be used for post-treatment monitoring. Clinically, CA125 ≥ 35U/ml is the positive standard. CA125 is not specific. CA125 values ​​of some non-malignant gynecological diseases such as acute pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, pelvic and abdominal tuberculosis, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and some non-gynecological diseases are also sometimes elevated.

(2) AFP has specific value for ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. Mixed tumors, dysgerminomas, embryonal tumors, and some immature teratomas containing endodermal sinus tumor components may also be elevated. AFP can be used as an important marker before and after treatment and follow-up of germ cell tumors. The normal value is <29μg/L.

3. Flow cytometry cell DNA determination

Flow cytometry (Fcm) is a method to analyze DNA patterns using a flow cytometer to understand the DNA content of tumors. The DNA content of ovarian malignant tumors is related to the histological classification, grade, clinical stage, recurrence and survival rate of tumors.

4. Imaging examination

(1) Ultrasound examination is an important means of diagnosing ovarian tumors. It can determine the size, location, texture, relationship with the uterus, and presence of ascites.

(2) CT and MRI examinations are valuable in determining the size and texture of the tumor, and its relationship to the pelvic organs, especially the enlargement of the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes.

5. Others

(1) Gastroscopy and colonoscopy to identify ovarian metastases from primary gastrointestinal cancer.

(2) Intravenous pyelography is used to understand the secretion and excretion functions of the kidneys and the symptoms of urinary tract compression and obstruction.