Pathological etiology of osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma manifests as pain. In severe cases, it is impossible to sleep. The more malignant the osteosarcoma, the earlier the pain occurs and the more severe the pain is. The sarcoma mass causes joint movement disorders. If you get sick, you should seek treatment as soon as possible to avoid amputation. Below we will take a closer look at the pathological causes of osteosarcoma:

Osteosarcoma is the most common and most malignant bone tumor.

It is more common in adolescents and is prone to occur in the long bones of the limbs, especially the lower end of the femur and the tibia or upper end of the tibia. The tumor is located at the end of the bone marrow, can involve the bone marrow cavity and the bone cortex, and even extend to the soft tissue outside the periosteum, forming a spindle-shaped mass, where the periosteum is lifted up, accompanied by a large amount of reactive new bone formation, which accumulates at the tumor site, forming a triangular protrusion, called Codman's triangle.

The new bone expands outward from the bone cortex to form a radial structure, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bone shaft, forming a solar radial shadow. These two phenomena are the characteristics of X-ray diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma has various appearances, which are related to the bone content in the tumor, the presence or absence of bleeding, necrosis and cyst formation.

Microscopically, tumor cells are highly atyptic, mainly spindle-shaped or polygonal, with varying sizes and shapes, and pathological nuclear division phases are easily seen. The formation of tumorous osteoid tissue and bone tissue is the most important histological basis for diagnosing osteosarcoma. Its shape is extremely irregular, and tumorous osteoblasts can be seen around it.

1 Clinically, it is not very clear what causes osteosarcoma. Some patients develop symptoms of osteosarcoma, and the main inducing factors are trauma and stimulation, as well as viral infection, all of which will directly lead to osteosarcoma.

2 The occurrence of osteosarcoma also includes some genetic factors, as well as the patient's exposure to some radioactive substances, or viral infection, etc. When osteosarcoma occurs, patients are often prone to secondary symptoms, because this is caused by the malignant transformation of benign tumors. Primary osteosarcoma is related to genetics: ① The risk of osteosarcoma in patients with retinoblastoma is about 2000 times higher than that of the normal population. This is because the retinoblastoma gene (Rb gene) is a tumor suppressor gene located on the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q14). The deletion or inactivation of this gene is the direct cause of retinoblastoma. In cases of sporadic or associated osteosarcoma with retinoblastoma, there is often a deletion of the Rb gene. In cases of bilateral retinoblastoma, about 12% develop osteosarcoma, and more than 70% of osteosarcoma cases have inactivated Rb gene products. ② In many sporadic cases, there is often a mutation in another tumor suppressor gene p53, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 17. The incidence of osteosarcoma is significantly increased in families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who have p53 gene mutations. 45% of osteosarcomas have p53 gene mutations.

3 The pathogenesis of osteosarcoma is not very clear now, but the symptoms of osteosarcoma are mainly a kind of primitive group of cells. In clinical practice, patients can further diagnose the disease through some examination methods. Once diagnosed, we must seize the time to treat it.

Osteosarcoma, like other human tumors, has unclear etiology and mechanism. Its pathogenic factors are very complex. The internal factors include the diathesis theory, the genetic theory, the endocrine theory, etc.; the external factors include chemical substances, internal and external radiation, the chronic inflammatory stimulation theory, the viral infection theory, etc. Some other benign bone tumors such as Paget's disease, giant cell tumor of bone, and dysplastic bone fibrous tissue structure can cause osteosarcoma, which is more common in patients after middle age.

Note: The above mentioned are the causes of osteosarcoma. It is recommended that everyone must prevent the occurrence of osteosarcoma as early as possible in life. At the same time, patients should not worry too much and should maintain an optimistic attitude to actively treat the disease.