What causes cervical cancer

Symptoms of cervical cancer mainly include irregular vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, pain, etc. Among them, irregular vaginal bleeding is one of the most common symptoms of cervical cancer, manifested as contact bleeding or bleeding after sexual intercourse.

Cervical cancer is caused by a variety of factors:

1. HPV infection: HPV is the most common cause of cervical cancer, and the vast majority of cervical cancer patients are infected with HPV. HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, so the infection rate is higher in sexually active people.

2. Multiple sexual partners, young age at first sexual intercourse, young age at first childbirth, and multiple pregnancies and births are closely related to the incidence of cervical cancer.

3. Genetic factors, malnutrition and poor hygiene can also affect the incidence of cervical cancer.

4. Infection with other pathogenic microorganisms: such as Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus type 2, Trichomonas, etc., will enhance the carcinogenic effect of human papillomavirus infection.

5. Smoking factors: Chinese women rarely smoke actively, but passive exposure to secondhand smoke is as high as 71.6%. Smoking can increase the content of nicotine and cotinine in cervical mucus, thereby reducing the immune protection of the cervix, making it more susceptible to HPV infection, and ultimately leading to cervical cancer.

Prevention of cervical cancer requires multiple approaches, including avoiding infection with HPV, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding bad habits. At the same time, regular gynecological examinations are also an important means of early detection of cervical cancer.