How to perform ovarian tumor surgery

Ovarian cysts are divided into two categories: physiological and pathological. Physiological ovarian cysts generally shrink or disappear after menstruation, and no surgical treatment is required, and follow-up observation is required. Pathological ovarian cysts will continue to exist or grow, with risks of rupture and degeneration, and require surgery. Some blood tumor markers can also be checked. If the tumor markers are normal, dynamic observation can be performed when the cyst is smaller than 5cm. If the cyst is larger than 5cm, surgery is generally recommended. Whether ovarian cysts must be operated on depends on the specific situation of the ovarian cyst.

How are ovarian tumors treated?

In the advanced and late stages of ovarian cancer, pain, abdominal effusion, lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal and pelvic effusion on color Doppler ultrasound and CT scan, and ovarian space-occupying lesions may occur. In the absence of metastasis, surgical treatment is the first choice. Chemotherapy can be performed first for metastasis to control the progression of the disease. Abdominal effusion requires fluid extraction. Surgical treatment is the first choice for ovarian cancer. Postoperative pathology confirms the stage of the disease and subsequent treatment. The early symptoms of ovarian cancer are atypical and are mainly discovered through physical examinations.

Causes of ovarian tumors

Continuous ovulation constantly damages and repairs the epithelium on the surface of the ovary. During the repair process, genetic mutations may occur in the epithelial cells on the surface of the ovary and its invaginated cysts, thus inducing ovarian cancer. 5% to 10% of ovarian epithelial cancers have a family history or genetic history. The vast majority of hereditary ovarian cancers and BRCA1 and BRCA gene mutations are related to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. There are many types of ovarian tumors, among which ovarian epithelial tumors are the most common, accounting for 50% to 70% of primary ovarian tumors and 85% to 90% of ovarian malignant tumors. It is common in middle-aged and elderly women and rarely occurs in prepubertal and infants.