What causes uremia

Uremia is a relatively serious kidney disease. Once you suffer from uremia, it will bring serious pressure to the patient's life and family, and will also cause great harm to the patient's physical health. When suffering from uremia, the patient will experience depression, fatigue, dizziness, headache, gradual memory loss, frequent insomnia, numbness in the limbs and other symptoms. When suffering from uremia, you must actively cooperate with the doctor, receive effective treatment, relax, and adjust your lifestyle and diet. What causes uremia?

Reason 1

Urea accumulated in the digestive system is discharged into the digestive tract and forms ammonia in the intestine through the action of bacterial urease, which can stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa and cause fibrinous inflammation, and even ulcers and bleeding. The lesions are widespread, ranging from the oral cavity, esophagus to the rectum. Uremic esophagitis, gastritis and colitis are more common. Patients often have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools.

Reason 2

Long-term effects on the heart caused by water and sodium retention, renal ischemia, and increased renin secretion due to heart and lung diseases can lead to heart failure. Excessive infiltration of urea in the blood into the pericardium and pleura can cause fibrinous pericarditis and fibrinous pleurisy, and pericardial and pleural friction sounds can be heard during auscultation. Heart failure can cause pulmonary edema. The discharge of blood urea from the respiratory tract can cause respiratory inflammation, and sometimes a transparent membrane may form along the alveolar wall; the permeability of the pulmonary capillaries increases, and a large amount of fibrin and monocytes infiltrate the alveolar cavity, with very few neutrophils, which is called uremic pneumonia.

Reason 3

The main changes in the hematopoietic system are anemia and bleeding. Causes of anemia: ① Insufficient production of erythropoietin when renal tissue is severely damaged. ② Some of the metabolites accumulated in the body, such as phenol and its derivatives, can inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. Other poisons such as guanidine and its derivatives can shorten the survival of red blood cells, accelerate red blood cell destruction and cause hemolysis. ③ Excessive loss of transferrin in urine causes iron transport disorder in the body.

Reason 4

Patients with uremia often have a bleeding tendency, which manifests as bleeding gums, epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. Causes of bleeding: ① Toxic substances inhibit the bone marrow and reduce platelet production. ②Some patients do not have a decrease in platelet count, but have a tendency to bleed. This may be due to platelet dysfunction caused by guanidine toxic substances in the blood, which weakens platelet cohesion and reduces the release of platelet factor 3.

Reason 5

Urea disease of the skeletal system is often accompanied by hypocalcemia. This may be due to: ① The kidney's function of excreting phosphate decreases, so the phosphate concentration in the blood increases and the calcium concentration decreases. ② The phosphate accumulated in the body combines with the ingested calcium in the intestines to form insoluble calcium phosphate, which reduces calcium absorption and increases excretion. ③1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is the active form of vitamin D that promotes calcium absorption in the intestine and is synthesized in the kidneys. In chronic kidney disease, the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is impaired, resulting in poor calcium absorption in the small intestine and causing hypocalcemia.

Reason 5

The skin of patients with cutaneous uremia is often grayish yellow and itchy. The skin color is related to anemia and the accumulation of urochrome in the skin. Urea accumulated in the body can be discharged through the sweat glands, forming a crystalline powder on the skin surface called urea frost, which is commonly seen on the face, nose, cheeks, etc. The cause of itching is unclear, but it may be related to the stimulation of nerve endings by urea.

Reason 6

A large amount of urea is deposited in the brain tissue of the nervous system, and the osmotic pressure increases, which can cause cerebral edema, sometimes with punctate hemorrhages and small softening foci. Toxic substances can damage nerve cells and cause nerve cell degeneration, and increase vascular permeability, aggravating cerebral edema. Patients with late-stage uremia may experience symptoms such as drowsiness, convulsions, stupor, and coma.