What nursing measures should be taken to prevent bedsores?

In daily life, bedsores are a common skin disease for many people. It is usually caused by skin ulcers due to long-term bed rest and lack of ventilation. Bedsores can easily lead to suppurative infection and cause symptoms such as fever, which is very harmful to health. The prevention and daily care of bedsores are very critical. Paying more attention to ventilation and keeping dry can effectively prevent bedsores.

Prevention of bedsores

The prevention method is to avoid long-term local pressure and turn over regularly, preferably every 2 to 3 hours. Massage the pressure areas frequently and, if necessary, use steam cushions or sponge pads to prop up the pressure areas, especially the sacrum and coccyx. When moving the patient, move briskly and avoid pushing or pulling the patient. Change your bed sheets frequently and keep them clean, flat and dry. After defecation, urine and feces should be cleaned up promptly and washed with warm water to avoid local irritation and prevent bedsores.

The key to preventing bedsores is to do the following:

1. Medical staff should increase their sense of responsibility.

2. Avoid long-term local pressure. Patients with decreased muscle tone, cerebral hemorrhage and deep coma should be turned over every 30 to 60 minutes, and those with normal muscle tone should be turned over every 2 hours. If conditions permit, various medical devices can be used to reduce local tissue pressure or make it alternately pressurized, such as pulse air pressure cushions and jet medical air cushions.

3. Keep your skin clean and dry.

4. Keep the bed surface flat, clean and soft.

5. Change local blood circulation, such as frequently massaging the area with 50% alcohol, and then applying talcum powder 2 to 4 times a day.

Nursing care for pressure sores

1. Key points of care during the congestion and redness period: During this period, the cause of the disease should be removed in time and various preventive measures should be adopted to prevent the development of pressure sores. When massaging the area, use the tip of your thumb to make circular movements, massaging from the area near the pressure sore outwards. Infrared irradiation can also be used.

2. Key points of care during the inflammatory infiltration period: During this period, the skin should be protected to avoid infection. In addition to strengthening decompression measures, infrared irradiation can be used locally. For small blisters that have not broken, you can use a thick layer of talcum powder to bandage them to reduce friction, prevent rupture and infection, and allow them to absorb on their own. For large blisters, extract the fluid from the blister with a sterile syringe, apply disinfectant, and then bandage with sterile dressings.

3. Key points of care during the ulcer period: In addition to systemic and local measures, the wound should be treated according to surgical dressing methods based on the condition of the wound. When the wound is infected, the principle of local treatment is to relieve pressure, clean the wound, remove dead tissue and promote new tissue, so as to promote healing. During this period, infrared irradiation can also be used to dry the wound surface, which is conducive to tissue repair.

Stages and clinical manifestations of pressure ulcers

1. The congestion and redness stage is the early stage of pressure sores. Local skin is compressed, causing temporary blood circulation disorder, which manifests as redness, swelling, heat, numbness or tenderness. There is no damage to the skin surface during this period and the change is reversible.

2. During the inflammatory infiltration period, the red and swollen areas continue to be under pressure, blood circulation cannot be improved, venous return is blocked, the pressure areas appear purple-red due to congestion, and subcutaneous nodules and/or blisters are formed. After the blister ruptures, a moist, ruddy wound surface can be seen, and the patient feels pain.

3. During the ulcer period, venous blood return is severely obstructed, local congestion leads to thrombosis, tissue ischemia and hypoxia. In mild cases, the epidermal blisters rupture and the dermis becomes infected, the superficial tissue necrotizes, and ulcers form. In severe cases, the necrotic tissue turns black, the purulent secretions increase, and there is a foul odor, which can spread to deeper parts and even reach the bones. In more serious cases, sepsis may occur.