What pathological examinations should be done for embryo suspension

For pregnant women, the most feared thing is fetal arrest. Fetal arrest means that the fetus stops developing. During B-ultrasound examination, it will be found that the fetus is irregular in shape, there is no fetal heartbeat, the gestational sac will gradually wither, etc. There are many reasons for embryo erection, and corresponding examinations should be carried out in a timely manner, such as male sperm problems, female endocrine problems, uterine abnormalities, and chromosomal problems, etc.

Sperm problems

Factors such as environmental pollution, food safety and radiation are damaging men's sperm, causing a sharp increase in the number of men suffering miscarriages. The promotion of emerging technologies such as sperm DNA fragmentation detection is very slow. The chromosomes in the sperm nucleus carry the genetic code of each human individual. When the human sperm and egg combine to form a fertilized egg, the sperm will pass the genetic information in the nucleus to the offspring to ensure embryonic development.

Endocrine disorders

Embryo implantation and continued development depend on the coordination of a complex endocrine system. Any abnormality in any link can lead to miscarriage. During the early development of the embryo, three important hormone levels are required: estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin.

Immune factors

The embryo or fetus in the uterus is actually an allogeneic transplant because the fetus is a combination of the genetic material of the parents and cannot be exactly the same as the mother. Immune incompatibility between mother and fetus causes the mother to reject the fetus. Common autoimmune diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis, etc.

Uterine abnormalities

Both the internal environment of the uterus and the overall environment of the uterus may have an impact on the embryo. The internal environment is the endometrium. If it is too thin or too thick, it will affect implantation. About 10% to 15% of miscarriages are caused by uterine defects.

Chromosome problems

If the chromosomes are abnormal, it may cause the embryo to not develop and lead to early miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities include quantitative and structural abnormalities. Quantitative abnormalities can be divided into aneuploidy and polyploidy. The most common abnormal karyotype is triploidy, and trisomy 16 accounts for 1/3 and is often lethal. 25-67% of pregnancies with trisomy 21, 4-50% of pregnancies with trisomy 13, and 6-33% of pregnancies with trisomy 18 will result in miscarriage. Others include haploid (4SX), and tetraploidy results in embryonic failure due to abnormal cleavage. Structural abnormalities include deletions, balanced translocations, inversions, overlaps, etc.

Reproductive tract infection

In addition to the above factors, early pregnancy miscarriage caused by infection has received increasing attention from scholars at home and abroad. Severe TDRCH infection in early pregnancy can cause fetal death or miscarriage, and milder infection can also cause fetal malformations.

Environmental factors

Changes in physiological state during pregnancy cause significant changes in the mother's absorption, distribution and excretion of therapeutic drugs and various environmental harmful substances. In the early stages of development, the embryo is extremely sensitive to the effects of therapeutic drugs and environmental factors. At this time, various harmful factors can cause damage to the embryo or even loss.