Congenital macular dysplasia

Although some diseases are congenital, they take a long time to develop. Some will occur one year after the baby is born, such as congenital macular dysplasia, which mostly occurs in infancy between one and seven years old. This congenital disease affects both eyes and has a certain impact on vision. Moreover, this disease can occur in both adolescents and adults, and can lead to decreased vision and affect life.

Congenital macular degeneration is also called nutritional failure macular degeneration. The findings on the macula of the fundus vary, but the most important feature is that there are congenital macular degeneration changes in the macula of both eyes, and the lesions do not extend to the surrounding retina.

Macular degeneration can occur at any age, but is particularly likely to occur at an age when physiological changes are significant, such as

(1) Congenital macular degeneration in infants and young children, also known as yolk-like macular degeneration, occurs between the ages of 1 and 7 years old. It affects both eyes and the macula is light yellow, like the sun in the fog, which can seriously affect central vision.

(2) Juvenile macular degeneration, which occurs between the ages of 8 and 14, is a slowly progressive disease in both eyes that is limited to the macula and can eventually lead to loss of central vision;

(3) Adult-onset macular degeneration: fundus changes and decreased vision are similar to those of the juvenile type, but the onset is later.

(4) After the age of 50, central vision declines, the macula darkens, pigmentation becomes disordered, and finally scarring forms, which is a senile macular change similar to age-related macular degeneration. This disease is related to genetics, and modern medicine has no effective treatment. Some scholars use laser treatment, but in clinical practice it is found that laser not only cannot stop the progression of the lesion, but will further aggravate the damage to the macula. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that congenital macular degeneration is caused by weak spleen and kidney, insufficient qi, blood and body fluids, lack of nourishment to the eyes and loss of vision.

Combining the research of traditional Chinese and Western medicine on the cause, pathology and pathogenesis of this disease, it is believed that congenital macular degeneration is closely related to the kidney and spleen organs. The kidney is the foundation of congenital constitution, and the spleen is the foundation of acquired constitution. Macular degeneration is prone to occur at an age when physiological changes are obvious. At this time, congenital deficiencies in the body, coupled with gene mutations caused by acquired development, lead to the occurrence of the disease.