Perioperative nursing for renal cancer

The clinical manifestations of renal cancer vary greatly, and may vary depending on the number of cases, tumor sources, pathological types, locations of occurrence, and duration of the disease. Sometimes the tumor has progressed extensively in the body without any symptoms. There may even be signs of metastasis to the lungs, bones, etc. However, hematuria, back pain, and masses are still the three typical symptoms of renal malignant tumors. There are also many extrarenal manifestations that are not necessary for the urinary system.

1: General care: Special personnel should be assigned to provide care after surgery, and monitoring should be performed. Before the patient wakes up from general anesthesia, routine care should be performed under general anesthesia, and routine oxygen inhalation should be performed. Closely observe vital signs: blood pressure, pulse, and respiration should be measured once every 15 to 30 minutes, and recorded until the patient is fully awake and in a stable condition. This can be changed to measuring once every 1 to 2 hours until the next morning. The patient should be encouraged to take deep breaths, and coughing or nebulization should be assisted when necessary. The patient should be allowed to turn over frequently without affecting the safety of treatment. If it is a radical nephrectomy, the patient should be allowed to get out of bed and move around as soon as possible; if it is a partial nephrectomy, the patient should be allowed to stay in bed for about 5 days.
2: Diet and nutrition: Fasting for 48 hours after surgery, and intravenous high nutritional support will be given during the period when the patient has a gastric tube. Pay attention to diuresis and maintain water and electrolyte balance during intravenous infusion, and adjust the infusion rate and volume according to the results of central venous pressure measurement. If the gas has been exhausted, a liquid diet can be given. Dietary care should follow the principles of eating small meals, gradual progress, balanced nutrition, reasonable matching and individualization. After extubation, the intake of liquid food should be gradually increased from 10ml to full liquid food. The increase should be based on maintaining appetite and no feeling of fullness. Liquid food is unsweetened rice soup, noodle soup, fruit juice, etc. After 5 days, it will be changed to semi-liquid food, and the dietary principles remain unchanged. Patients with normal renal function and no complications of hypertension and edema should be encouraged to drink more water, with a daily intake of 3000ml to achieve the purpose of self-flushing.