Scientific diagnosis of osteosarcoma

For patients with osteosarcoma, scientific diagnosis is necessary. Osteosarcoma, also known as osteogenic sarcoma, is one of the primary malignant tumors of the bone. It is also a disease with relatively uncommon symptoms after onset, so scientific diagnosis is very necessary. Let's learn about the scientific diagnosis of osteosarcoma together!

The diagnosis of osteosarcoma emphasizes the combination of clinical, imaging and pathology.

Imaging is an important means of early diagnosis and clinical staging of osteosarcoma, and is the basis for other diagnostic methods. Combined with the patient's age and site of disease, some patients can be diagnosed through X-rays. CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations can clearly show the extent of tumor soft tissue invasion and medullary cavity infiltration, which are important for guiding limb-preserving surgery. Lung CT examinations can determine whether there is lung metastasis, which is of great value for clinical staging.

Pathological examination is the basis for diagnosis. Pathological examination of lesion tissue obtained through needle aspiration biopsy or incisional biopsy can achieve the purpose of diagnosis and further determine the tumor subtype. Needle aspiration biopsy has low risk and can reduce the risk of tumor contamination. The success rate of specialized hospitals is over 80%. If needle aspiration biopsy fails, incisional biopsy should be performed as soon as possible. The incision of the incisional biopsy should be along the long axis of the limb to facilitate the removal of the tumor at the same time.

The treatment of osteosarcoma emphasizes early comprehensive treatment, mainly surgery and chemotherapy. If the diagnosis is clear and there is no lung metastasis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be implemented, and limb-sparing treatment or amputation can be decided according to the situation. Chemotherapy is still needed after surgery. For patients with a single lung metastasis, local surgery and lung metastasis resection can be performed at the same time. Radiotherapy is not sensitive to osteosarcoma and is only used for adjuvant treatment before and after surgery, or when the tumor cannot be removed or has lung metastasis.

Before 1970, the main treatment method was simple surgery, and the most commonly used surgery was amputation and joint dissection. During this period, the average time from surgical treatment to the appearance of lung metastasis was 8 months. The five-year survival rate was less than 25%. After entering the 1970s, based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy and correct surgical plans, the limb salvage rate has reached more than 90%, and the five-year survival rate has increased to more than 70% to 80%.