Pathological classification of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is a type of cancer and the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system. It has a high incidence rate and ranks first among malignant tumors in the urinary system. The mortality rate caused by this disease is also increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to have some knowledge about this disease. Let's learn about the pathological classification of bladder cancer.

There are many factors that lead to bladder cancer, most of which involve genes and are formed in multiple steps. Abnormal genes and the external environment will lead to the appearance of malignant phenotypes. The widely accepted view on this disease is that it is caused by viruses or certain chemical carcinogens that damage the human body. In this case, proto-oncogenes will activate oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes will be inactivated, leading to the occurrence of cancer. 80% of bladder cancer patients have a great relationship with carcinogenic risk factors.

Bladder tumors are also divided into two types, one is epithelial tumors and the other is non-epithelial tumors. Epithelial tumors account for more than 95% of bladder tumors, urothelial carcinoma accounts for 90%, and squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma account for 3% to 7% respectively. In addition to these, there are many rare types, such as small cell carcinoma, carcinoid, malignant melanoma, etc. 20% to 30% of patients with urothelial carcinoma will have regional squamous or glandular metaplasia, and it is also easy to have poor prognostic indicators.

Tumors are divided into three categories based on their growth pattern. When the tumor stroma grows into the human bladder cavity, it will become a papilloma or papillary carcinoma, which accounts for 70%; another type is when the tumor grows invasively in the human epithelium, forming an inverted papilloma or invasive carcinoma, which accounts for 25%; and there are non-papillary and non-invasive types (that is, cancer in situ), which account for 5%.

This is an introduction to the pathological classification of bladder cancer. Before treatment, patients should check whether they have epithelial tumor bladder cancer or non-epithelial tumor bladder cancer. Only in this way can the disease be treated in a targeted manner and a good treatment effect can be achieved. I hope that patients can recover their health soon.