What causes women to have cervical cancer?

The main causes of cervical cancer in women include HPV infection, long-term use of birth control pills, smoking, a weak immune system, and genetic factors. The key to preventing and treating cervical cancer is regular screening, HPV vaccination, improving lifestyle, and seeking medical treatment in a timely manner.

1. HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, and certain high-risk HPV viruses such as HPV16 and HPV18 are closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. The effective way to prevent HPV infection is to get the HPV vaccine, which is recommended for women between the ages of 9 and 26. Practicing safe sex and using condoms can also reduce the risk of infection.

2. Long-term use of oral contraceptives may increase the risk of cervical cancer. Studies have shown that women who use contraceptives for more than 5 years have a higher chance of developing cervical cancer. It is recommended that women consult for regular gynecological examinations when using contraceptives and consider other contraceptive methods if necessary.

3. Smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer. Harmful substances in tobacco can damage cervical cells and increase the risk of cancer. Quitting smoking is an important measure to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke can also help protect health.

4. Women with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop cervical cancer. For example, people with HIV infection or those who use immunosuppressants after organ transplantation are at higher risk. Ways to enhance immunity include a balanced diet, moderate exercise, adequate sleep, and regular physical examinations.

5. Genetic factors also play a role in the occurrence of cervical cancer. Women with a family history should pay more attention to screening and prevention, and regularly undergo cervical cytology tests such as TCT and HPV testing to detect lesions early and treat them in a timely manner.

Treatments for cervical cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Surgical methods include cervical conization and total hysterectomy, which are suitable for early-stage patients. Radiotherapy kills cancer cells through high-energy rays, while chemotherapy uses drugs to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The specific treatment plan needs to be formulated by the doctor according to the condition.

Regular screening is the key to preventing cervical cancer. It is recommended that women over 21 years old undergo cervical cytology every 3 years, and women over 30 years old can combine it with HPV testing. Early detection and treatment of cervical cancer can significantly increase the cure rate. At the same time, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, can also help reduce the risk of disease.