Manifestations of primary nephrotic syndrome

Do you know what primary nephrotic syndrome is? Perhaps many people find it difficult to understand what this medical disease name means when they see it. Perhaps the first thing they pay attention to is the word "kidney disease". After all, kidney disease is fatal to every man. So is this disease really centered around kidney disease? Actually, I don’t know either. Let’s learn together today.

When naming diseases, the terms "primary" and "secondary" are often used. It mainly refers to whether the cause of the disease is obvious. Primary refers to the type with unclear etiology, while secondary refers to the type with clear etiology.

Primary nephrotic syndrome is nephrotic syndrome of unknown cause. Primary nephrotic syndrome has the same symptoms of "three highs and one low" as general nephrotic syndrome! That is, massive proteinuria, severe edema, hyperlipidemia and hypoproteinemia.

Clinical manifestations

1. Severe edema. Different types of nephrotic syndrome patients, nephritic nephrotic syndrome, primary nephrotic syndrome, etc. Almost all nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome

Patients with combined symptoms may experience varying degrees of edema clinically, with the edema being most obvious in the face, lower limbs, and scrotum. Edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome may persist for weeks or months, or may occur intermittently as the disease continues. When patients encounter infection (especially streptococcal infection), edema often recurs or worsens, and even azotemia may occur.

2. Large amounts of protein in the urine. The presence of massive proteinuria symptoms is one of the reliable indicators for diagnosing nephrotic syndrome.

3. Hyperlipidemia. Patients with nephrotic syndrome have abnormal lipid metabolism, which leads to an increase in almost all lipoprotein components in the patient's plasma, with a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

4. Hypoproteinemia. Patients with nephrotic syndrome lose a large amount of albumin in their bodies, and their serum albumin levels are mostly below 30g/L, which makes hypoproteinemia very likely to occur.

symptom

1. Foamy urine is caused by the presence of a large amount of protein in the urine. A lot of foam can be found when urinating, and edema occurs in loose skin areas such as the eyelids and scrotum.

2. Other early signs include anorexia, malaise, eyelid edema, retinopathy, abdominal pain, and muscle wasting.

3. Systemic edema accompanied by ascites and/or pleural effusion may occur. Local edema may manifest as dyspnea (pleural effusion or laryngeal edema), substernal pain (pericardial effusion), scrotal edema, and knee swelling (joint effusion).

4. Edema is often mobile, such as in the eyelids in the morning and moving to the feet and ankles after activities. Edema can mask muscle wasting, and subungual edema can cause parallel white lines to appear on the nail beds.

It turns out that this disease is not just a simple "kidney disease", it also includes many symptoms, so it is called a syndrome. We have written down the various symptoms of this disease clearly above. If you find that you have any of the above symptoms, please do not hesitate to go to the hospital for a check-up immediately. For your own health, and to prevent your family from worrying about you, please take good care of yourself.