What are the nursing measures for patients with heart failure

When it comes to the nursing work of heart failure patients, many people may have their own opinions, but the most important thing that cannot be ignored is to create a good rest environment for patients, ensure adequate rest, arrange a reasonable diet to supplement vitamins, and maintain smooth bowel movements.

(1) Ensure that patients get enough rest: The principles of activity and rest should be determined according to the condition of heart function: patients with heart function level one may not be restricted in activity, but should increase lunch break time; patients with mild heart failure (heart function level two) may get up and do some light activity, but they need to increase the intervals between activities and sleep time; patients with moderate heart failure (heart function level three) should rest in bed and limit the amount of activity; patients with severe heart failure (heart function level four) must strictly rest in bed, in a semi-recumbent or sitting position. Bedridden patients should be taken care of for their daily life to facilitate their lives. After the condition improves, you can gradually increase your activity to avoid adverse consequences such as muscle atrophy, venous thrombosis, skin damage, digestive dysfunction, and mental disorder caused by long-term bed rest.

(2) Diet: Patients should consume a low-calorie diet. After the condition improves, you can supplement calories and high nutrition appropriately. The diet should be low in salt, easy to digest and light; choose foods rich in vitamins, potassium, magnesium and containing appropriate amounts of fiber; avoid eating gas-producing foods that aggravate breathing difficulties; avoid irritating foods; eat small meals frequently and determine the potassium content in food based on blood potassium levels.

(3) Maintaining smooth bowel movements: This is a very important measure in caring for patients with heart failure. It is necessary to train the patient to have bowel movements in bed and increase dietary fiber in the diet. If constipation occurs, use small doses of laxatives and laxatives. When the condition permits, help the patient sit up and use the toilet, and pay attention to the patient's heart rate and reactions to prevent accidents.

(4) Oxygen inhalation: The general flow rate is 2 to 4 L/min. The changes in the patient's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth should be observed after oxygen inhalation, and the degree of improvement in dyspnea should be assessed at any time.

(5) Strengthen skin and oral care: Patients who are bedridden for a long time should turn over frequently to prevent local pressure and skin damage. Strengthen oral care to prevent oral mucosal infection caused by dysbacteriosis due to drug treatment.