What are the symptoms of kidney stones and hydronephrosis?

The occurrence of kidney stones and hydronephrosis causes many people to suffer great pain, so no matter who you are, you should pay attention when you find similar symptoms, such as the common ones that cause urinary tract obstruction, or renal tubular degeneration and necrosis, and renal atrophy.

First, cause urinary tract obstruction

1. This is the most common secondary damage of kidney stones and the main cause of secondary renal damage. Kidney stones can cause blockage in the urinary tract lumen and result in water accumulation above the obstruction site.

2. Kidney stones can cause hydronephrosis for too long, which can obstruct urination and put too much pressure on the parts above the obstruction. This can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, lead to renal tubular degeneration and necrosis, and cause kidney atrophy and shrinkage, resulting in decreased renal function or complete failure.

Second, causing local damage

1. Small and mobile stones cause little damage to local tissues, while large and fixed staghorn stones can cause the epithelial cells of the renal calyx and renal pelvis to fall off, leading to ulcers, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration, and even fibrosis.

2. After long-term stimulation by stones, transitional epithelial cells may undergo squamous cell metaplasia and even cause squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, urine exfoliative cytology examination should be performed.

Third, leading to renal failure

1. If the stones are allowed to develop, they may eventually develop into kidney failure, commonly known as uremia.

2. Secondly, if ureteral stones block the ureter, the urine in the kidney cannot be discharged smoothly, which will cause kidney water accumulation. Urine will accumulate in the kidney for a long time, leading to secondary infection and even uremia, threatening the patient's life.