How do rectal polyps form?

Rectal polyps are a type of benign tumor of the rectum. There are many cases of rectal polyps diagnosed clinically. This shows that the causes of rectal polyps are very different. Most rectal polyps are caused by eating habits or lifestyle habits, but they may also be hereditary.

(1) Dietary factors: Dietary factors have a certain relationship with the formation of rectal polyps, especially the interaction between bacteria and bile acid, which may be the basis for the formation of adenomatous polyps.

(2) Genetic factors: It is generally believed that the formation of polyps is closely related to gene mutation and genetic factors. Current research shows that mutated genes can be inherited from parents to offspring, and men and women have equal inheritance opportunities, with no gender differences. In addition to patients with colorectal cancer caused by familial polyposis or malignant transformation of ulcerative colitis, about 5-10% of other colorectal cancer patients have a clear family history of tumors, collectively referred to as hereditary non-familial polyposis

(3) Inflammatory stimulation: Long-term inflammatory stimulation of the rectal mucosa can cause the formation of intestinal mucosal polyps. This is due to the inflammation, congestion and edema of the intestinal mucosa. After the erosion and ulcer heal, the scars gradually shrink and form polyps. Chronic inflammatory stimulation can cause gland obstruction and mucus retention, leading to the onset of the disease. Polyps that arise from inflammation are called inflammatory polyps; sessile nodules that show proliferative changes in the mucosa are called hyperplastic polyps; polyps that grow from the intestinal epithelium are called adenomatous polyps and villous papillary adenomatous polyps, which are prone to malignant transformation.

(4) Irritation from feces, foreign bodies and mechanical damage: Long-term irritation of the intestinal mucosal epithelium by fecal residue and foreign bodies, as well as other causes that cause damage to the rectal mucosa, lead to abnormal cell proliferation and the formation of polyps.