What are the symptoms of submandibular lymphoma

Lymphoma is a common disease in clinical practice. It is mainly a malignant lesion of lymph nodes. Lymphoma is prone to occur in various parts of the body, and submandibular lymphoma is one of them. Submandibular lymphoma is related to abnormalities of the oral cavity and pharynx, and is mainly caused by bacterial infection. The clinical symptoms of submandibular lymphoma are also relatively obvious, and its treatment should also take its symptoms into consideration.

1. Skin lesions, tonsils and nasopharynx

Specific skin lesions are often seen in the early symptoms of submandibular lymphoma, malignant lymphoma syndrome or mycosis fungoides, with lumps, subcutaneous nodules, infiltrative plaques, ulcers, papules, macules, etc., which are often seen first on the head and neck. Common non-specific lesions include pruritus and prurigo. Pruritus is common in Hodgkin's disease (85%) and may precede the onset of other rashes. In addition, herpes zoster is also common in Hodgkin's disease, accounting for about 5 to 16%. Tonsils and nasopharynx: The most common sites of occurrence are the soft palate and tonsils, followed by the nasal cavity and sinuses, and less commonly the nasopharynx and root of the tongue. Clinical symptoms include dysphagia, nasal congestion, epistaxis and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Others: 33.5% of malignant lymphomas involve the kidneys, and 1% to 2% of them occur in the reproductive system, including the testicles, uterus, and ovaries. Among patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, about 10% have central nervous system involvement, especially diffuse lymphoblastic, small non-cleaved, and large cell lymphomas.

2. Painless lymphadenopathy

Malignant transformation of lymphatic tissue usually first invades the superficial or mediastinal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric lymph nodes, and may also invade the lymph nodes in these areas at the same time. In a small number of patients, the disease may originate in lymphoid organs other than lymph nodes. In most patients, the early symptoms of submandibular lymphoma are painless cervical lymph node enlargement, and later other parts of the body such as submandibular and axillary lymph nodes will also be discovered. Lymph nodes can range in size from soybeans to dates, are of medium hardness, firm, uniform, and plump. The mediastinum is also one of the common sites of malignant lymphoma. Most patients often have no obvious symptoms in the early stages of the disease. X-ray examination will reveal lobed masses in the middle and anterior mediastinum. About 50% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will invade the liver. In some cases, hepatosplenomegaly may be the first symptom, but because most of these patients have no obvious abnormalities in liver function, and because the tumor is diffuse, liver scans rarely show large space-occupying lesions, so it is sometimes not easy to detect.

3. Manifestations of the liver, spleen, chest, abdomen, and bones

Early symptoms of submandibular lymphoma include liver and spleen: Biopsy shows that approximately 25% to 50% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involve the liver, especially follicular or diffuse small cleaved cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The liver lesions of Hodgkin's disease are spread from the spleen through the portal vein. The spleen is often involved and the patient's prognosis is poor. Splenomegaly is seen in approximately 30% to 40% of early adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lungs, mediastinum, chest and abdomen: About 3% to 6% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas invade the lung parenchyma, and 15% to 25% have mediastinal lymphadenopathy, which is common in the diffuse type. About 25% of patients develop pleural effusion during the disease. In addition to tumor cell infiltration of the pleura, it may also be caused by mediastinal involvement and lymphatic vessel obstruction. Bones: 10-35% of Hodgkin's disease patients have bone involvement, while non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more common. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are most commonly affected, followed by the femur, ribs, pelvis and skull. Symptoms include local bone pain, tenderness, pathological fractures, bone tumors and secondary nerve compression.