Open tuberculosis isolation measures

Open pulmonary tuberculosis refers to patients in the progressive and partial improvement stages of pulmonary tuberculosis. Their sputum contains tuberculosis bacteria, which are highly contagious, so these patients need to be isolated. However, during the isolation period, you must pay attention to taking appropriate care measures, and you must know that this disease is highly contagious, so for a short period of time, you must ensure that pregnant women, children, and infants avoid contact with them. There are also many ways that are easy to infect and spread, so you must also pay attention to them in your life.

Open pulmonary tuberculosis refers to patients in the progressive and partial improvement stages of pulmonary tuberculosis, who often have tuberculosis bacteria excreted in their sputum and are highly contagious, so they must be isolated and treated.

concept

Open pulmonary tuberculosis refers to patients in the progressive and partial improvement stages of pulmonary tuberculosis, who often have tuberculosis bacteria excreted in their sputum and are highly contagious, so they must be isolated and treated.

Tuberculosis is an ancient chronic infectious disease mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. Bartheles confirmed that tuberculosis lesions were found on the spine of people in the Stone Age around 10,000 BC. With the increasing frequency of international exchanges in today's world, tuberculosis is often transmitted from one region to another by carriers, forming local or large-scale epidemics.

Etiology

Mycobacterium tuberculosis belongs to the genus Mycobacterium and is divided into human, bovine, avian, mouse, etc. The human and bovine types are pathogenic to humans. Among them, human tuberculosis is the main pathogen of human tuberculosis (accounting for more than 95%), followed by bovine tuberculosis. Humans are rarely infected with other types of tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slightly curved, slender rod about 1 to 4 μm long, 0.3 to 0.6 μm wide, with blunt ends. Acid-fast staining is red, the optimal growth temperature is 37°C, and it grows well in an oxygen-rich environment. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has strong resistance to the external environment and can only be killed at 100℃ for 15 minutes or in direct sunlight for 2 to 3 hours.

Epidemiology

Source of infection

The main source of tuberculosis infection is patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with positive sputum smear are the most contagious; patients with only positive culture are less contagious; and those with both negative sputum smear and culture are not contagious.

Mode of transmission

Coughing is the main route of transmission of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients who excrete bacteria expel "droplet nuclei" containing tuberculosis bacteria when they cough, talk loudly, sneeze or laugh. These "droplet nuclei" remain suspended in the air for a long time and cause infection.

Population susceptibility

Everyone is susceptible to tuberculosis bacteria, and inhaling tuberculosis bacteria for the first time can cause infection. However, very few people develop clinically progressive tuberculosis directly after infection. Most people remain in a "latent state" for life. Only a few of them develop endogenous secondary pulmonary tuberculosis due to low body resistance.