3 common manifestations of orbital tumors

When it comes to eye diseases, the most familiar ones are cataracts, glaucoma, myopia, hyperopia and other problems. In fact, there is also a very scary eye disease, that is orbital tumor. Orbital tumor is a disease that many people are unfamiliar with. As the name suggests, orbital tumor is a malignant tumor that occurs in the tissue around the orbit. The treatment of orbital tumor is relatively difficult, and the growth rate of the tumor is also very fast. There are also several types of tumors. Here are three common ones.

1. Cavernous hemangioma

1. Clinical Overview

This disease is the most common primary malignant tumor of the orbit, accounting for 14.5% of orbital tumors. It is more common in women aged 20 to 40. The disease is composed of abnormal blood sinusoids and fibrous tissue septa, and is essentially a congenital vascular malformation. The main symptom of this disease is proptosis, and in the later stage, optic nerve compression, decreased vision and restricted eye movement will occur.

2. CT manifestations

Most cavernous hemangiomas are located within the posterior ocular muscle cone, while a few are located outside the cone. They are round or quasi-circular in shape, with clear boundaries and uniform density on plain scan, which is equivalent to the density of the extraocular muscles. Calcification spots can be seen in some of them, and transparent areas exist at the orbital apex.

2. Inflammatory pseudotumor

1. Clinical Overview

This disease is a non-specific inflammation that occurs in the eye socket and can affect tissues such as the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles and fat. It is more common in middle-aged people, more common in men than in women. Typical clinical manifestations are proptosis, swollen eyelids, conjunctival edema, ocular motility disorders, visual impairment and eye pain. This disease is mainly treated with hormones, immunosuppressants, surgery, radiotherapy and other methods, but it is prone to recurrence.

2. CT manifestations

There are localized or diffuse soft tissue shadows in the orbit with unclear boundaries. The eye ring and retrobulbar fat space are often affected. According to the location in the orbit, orbital inflammatory pseudotumors are divided into anterior pseudotumors, posterior pseudotumors, myositis type, diffuse type and lacrimal glanditis type. Multiple structures in the orbit may be involved at the same time, and the degree of enhancement varies, ranging from mild to obvious enhancement.

3. Orbital Lymphoma

1. Clinical Overview

Orbital lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor of the orbit. The pathological type is often B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoma. The disease mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 to 70 years old, with no gender difference. The disease is manifested by swollen eyelids and painless hard masses in the orbit, which may be accompanied by exophthalmos and conjunctival edema. This disease is difficult to completely remove by surgery, and radiotherapy is the preferred treatment method.

2. CT manifestations

About 1/3 of patients have multiple lesions on both sides, and a few have combined lymphomas in other parts of the eye. The disease can occur in any part of the orbit, and can be involved both inside and outside the myoconium. It is more common in the lacrimal gland and around the eyeball, followed by the eyelids and conjunctiva. The lymphoma is irregularly lobed and grows infiltratively. It is nodular when small and grows around the eyeball when large. The tumor density is uniform, with mild to moderate enhancement after enhancement. The lesions are free of necrosis, hemorrhage, calcification and bone destruction.