Adverse reactions after vaccination

Newborns are given a variety of vaccines from the moment they are born in order to produce antibodies in the body so that they will not be defeated when fighting against external viruses. Vaccination of infants has been listed as an important event by the National Epidemic Prevention Center. However, many infants will have allergic reactions after vaccination, such as itchy skin, red spots, nausea and vomiting, etc. Below is a detailed introduction to the adverse reactions that may occur after vaccination.

Some children may experience some abnormal reactions or complications after vaccination. Children with more serious conditions must be treated promptly.

① Allergic rash : This condition is more common. There are many types of rashes, with urticaria being the most common. It usually occurs within hours to days after vaccination. It occurs within 1-2 weeks after vaccination with live vaccines. In severe cases, anti-allergic drugs can be used under the guidance of a doctor.

② Needle phobia : sudden fainting after injection. In mild cases, symptoms such as palpitations, numbness of hands and feet, or nausea may occur, but the patient will return to normal in a short time. In severe cases, symptoms such as cold sweat, rapid heartbeat, pale face, and even loss of consciousness may occur. Needle phobia is related to poor indoor air, fatigue, fasting, mental stress or fear, and is caused by temporary cerebral ischemia caused by reflex peripheral vasodilation after stimulation.

③ Sterile abscess : It is caused by the incomplete absorption of the adsorbent (aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate) or the inaccurate injection site, resulting in local tissue necrosis and liquefaction. It usually appears 24-48 hours after vaccination. Symptoms include large redness or infiltration at the injection site. After 2-3 weeks, local nodules appear, accompanied by pain and swelling, which may last for weeks or even months. Abscesses and ulcers may occur and are difficult to heal. In this case, you should go to the hospital and ask a doctor for treatment.

④ Angioedema : In some children, the redness and swelling at the injection site increase and the skin becomes shiny within 1-2 days after vaccination. In severe cases, the edema may extend to the entire upper arm and wrist. This situation can be improved by local hot compress and oral anti-allergic drugs.

⑤ Systemic infection after vaccination : This situation often occurs in children with deficient immune systems. The condition can be improved by injection of specific immunoglobulin or blood transfusion.

⑥ Anaphylactic shock : Some children may experience shock after vaccination, which usually occurs within a few minutes to half an hour after vaccination. Symptoms include pale complexion, irritability, sweating, cold limbs and cyanosis. In severe cases, blood pressure may drop, consciousness may become unclear, and incontinence may occur. At this time, the person should be sent to the hospital immediately, or epinephrine should be injected subcutaneously or intravenously on the spot, and rescue should be organized in time. It is also recommended that parents wait half an hour before leaving their children after receiving the vaccine.