What is the reason for thrombocytopenia

Many people know the importance of platelets. Because if we have a wound on our skin, it is mainly the platelets that help us heal the wound and reduce blood loss. Therefore, if thrombocytopenia occurs, it will pose a great threat to your health. Does anyone know what causes thrombocytopenia? The causes of thrombocytopenia are very complex, and we will briefly introduce them below.

1 What causes thrombocytopenia?

Premature destruction or excessive consumption of platelets leads to thrombocytopenia in the peripheral blood. The life span of platelets is shortened, while the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow is normal or has compensatory hyperplasia. Since the symptoms of thrombocytopenia are complex, the causes of thrombocytopenia are also very complex. So what are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

Immune destruction: drug-related antibodies, production of corresponding antibodies. Certain diseases with abnormal immune responses can cause immune platelet destruction. Infection-related thrombocytopenia is common in viral and bacterial infections. Alloimmune thrombocytopenia, seen in post-transfusion purpura and neonatal purpura, is the cause of thrombocytopenia.

2 What causes thrombocytopenia?

1. Acute ITP often occurs during the recovery period of viral infection or upper respiratory tract infection, such as rubella, measles, chickenpox, parotid cancer, etc.

The patient's serum has a high level of antiviral antibodies, and the platelet surface-related antibodies are significantly increased, so it is believed that it is caused by viral antigens. The pathogenesis may be that the antigen-antibody complex including viral antigens cross-reacts with the platelet Fc receptor or the autoantibodies produced by viral antigens cross-react with the platelet membrane, damaging the platelets and being cleared by phagocytes.

2. There is often no history of prodromal infection before the onset of chronic ITP, which is caused by autoantibodies caused by changes in platelet structural antigens. 80% to 90% of the medical records contain platelet surface antibodies, of which 95% are PalgG, 2/3 are PalgG and PalgM, and a few are PalgA and pac. Antibodies act directly on the glycoproteins on the platelet membrane, and a few act on the Gbib complex, shortening the lifespan of platelets and changing their functions. Its content is negatively correlated with platelet lifespan, and it has been confirmed that the spleen is the main site of platelet antibody production.

3 What are the common types of platelets?

Platelets originate from bone marrow megakaryocytes. After entering the blood circulation, about one-third of platelets are stored in the spleen. The half-life of platelets is 3.7 to 4.0 days, and aging and consumed platelets are mainly cleared in the spleen. The platelet membrane contains a variety of glycoproteins and receptors. When the receptors bind to the corresponding ligands, the platelets are activated, their morphology changes, and a series of reactions such as aggregation and granule release occur.

Platelets play an important role in hemostasis and coagulation processes, and their main functions are adhesion, aggregation, and release. Platelets are also involved in the coagulation process, clot retraction and vasoconstriction response.

4What is high platelet count?

High platelet count--Introduction to platelets

Platelets are one of the formed elements in mammalian blood. They are irregular in shape, much smaller than red blood cells and white blood cells, and have no nucleus. The number of platelets in adult blood is 100~300×1000000000/L. They have a plasma membrane, no nuclear structure, are generally round in shape, and are smaller in size than red blood cells and white blood cells. Platelets have long been viewed as non-functional cell fragments in the blood. Platelets have a specific morphological structure and biochemical composition. Their number in normal blood is relatively constant (for example, the human platelet count is 100,000 to 300,000 per cubic millimeter). They play an important role in physiological and pathological processes such as hemostasis, wound healing, inflammatory response, thrombosis, and organ transplant rejection. Platelets are only found in mammalian blood.

High platelet count -- the function of platelets

The main function of platelets is to store blood and accelerate coagulation. Platelets also maintain the capillary walls and ensure their integrity.

During the process of hemostasis and coagulation, platelets have the functions of forming blood clots, plugging wounds, and releasing various factors related to coagulation. At the rupture of small blood vessels, platelets aggregate into platelet plugs to block the rupture and release adrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and other substances that have the effect of constricting blood vessels. It is one of the important factors that promote blood coagulation. Platelets also have the function of nourishing and supporting capillary endothelial cells, reducing the fragility of capillaries.

5What is the normal platelet value?

The normal range of platelets in the human body is 100,000 to 300,000 per milliliter, or 100 to 300 per liter of blood multiplied by 10 to the 9th power, generally referred to as 100 to 300.

In fact, this is just a reference value. People's platelet counts still fluctuate. If it is below 100, there is no big problem. If it is below 50, you need to be careful, and if it is below 20, you need treatment.

There is no problem if it is higher than 400, but if it is higher than 500, you need to find out the problem.

Platelets have many functions, such as preventing bleeding and repairing blood vessels. If it is too high, the blood flow will be poor, etc. These are all indispensable functions of the human body, and without it, it cannot function normally.