What is the process of lysosome formation?

Lysosomes are a substance in the human body. Strictly speaking, lysosomes belong to a type of cell organelles. Their shapes are not unique but varied. It often exists in human cells and its functions are obvious. The most representative one is to decompose substances that enter the cells from the outside, just like an enzyme. So, how are lysosomes in the human body formed?

Lysosome formation process:

1. Lysosomal proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum enter the Golgi apparatus;

2. N-linked glycosylation is carried out, and the core sugar component is mannose;

3. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by phosphotransferase and mannosidase;

4.TGN, binds to receptors;

5. The Golgi apparatus forms vesicles, which are primary lysosomes, and dissociates from the receptors;

6. Acid phosphatase removes the phosphate group to form an active enzyme;

More than 60 kinds of acid hydrolases have been found in lysosomes (as of 2006), including proteases, nucleases, phosphatases, glycosidases, lipases, phosphatases and sulfatases. These enzymes control the digestion of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous macromolecules. Therefore, lysosomes have the function of dissolving or digesting and are the digestive organs within cells.

In rat liver, granular partitions containing hydrolytic enzymes were obtained from a place slightly lighter than the mitochondrial partition and were named lysosomes (lss) in the sense of small bodies (somes) that can perform hydrolysis (lyso). The enzymes in the lysosome include acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, arylsulfatase, B-glucuronidase, acetyltransferase, etc., which are a group of hydrolases having an optimum pH in the acidic region. According to electron microscopy observations, lysosomes are particles or vesicles with a diameter of 0.4 to several microns, surrounded by a single layer membrane 6 to 8 nanometers thick. Because of their extremely diverse morphologies, those that were positive for acid phosphatase activity were identified as lysosomes.