Central placenta previa

During pregnancy, every pregnant mother should go to the hospital for regular check-ups to prevent malposition of the fetus and unstable fetal heart rate. Central placenta previa with malposition of the fetus is one of the very serious conditions. This situation is very detrimental to the development of the fetus. In severe cases, it can endanger the life of the fetus and even the life of the pregnant woman. Let’s learn about it together.

Normally, the placenta is attached to the posterior wall, anterior wall or side wall of the uterine body. However, when the placenta is attached to the lower segment of the uterus, or even the lower edge of the placenta reaches or covers the internal os of the cervix and its position is lower than the presenting part of the fetus, it is called placenta previa. Central placenta previa is a type of placenta previa. If this happens, prenatal bleeding is likely to occur. If the amount of bleeding is not much, it will not affect the growth and development of the fetus. In the late pregnancy, sensitive uterine contractions are more frequent and bleeding is more likely to occur, so you should rest in bed and pay attention to the supplement of hematopoietic substances.

Unprovoked painless vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy is a typical clinical manifestation of placenta previa. The bleeding is caused by the inability of the placenta attached to the lower uterine segment and cervix to stretch accordingly as the uterus grows, resulting in dislocation and separation, leading to bleeding. The initial amount of bleeding is generally not much, but occasionally there are cases where the first bleeding is heavy. As the lower uterine segment continues to stretch, bleeding often occurs repeatedly and the amount of bleeding increases.

The time of onset of vaginal bleeding, the number of recurrences, and the amount of bleeding are closely related to the type of placenta previa. Complete placenta previa often has its first bleeding early, around 28 weeks of pregnancy, and repeated bleeding is frequent and the amount is large. Sometimes a single large amount of bleeding can put the patient into a state of shock. Marginal placenta previa has its first bleeding later, mostly between 37 and 40 weeks of pregnancy or after delivery, and the amount is also less. The time of first bleeding and the amount of bleeding in partial placenta previa are between the above two.

For patients with partial or marginal placenta previa, rupture of membranes is beneficial to the compression of the placenta by the fetal presenting part. If the fetal presenting part can descend quickly after rupture of membranes and directly compress the placenta, the bleeding can stop. Due to repeated or heavy vaginal bleeding, the patient may develop anemia. The degree of anemia is proportional to the amount of bleeding. Severe bleeding may cause shock, fetal hypoxia, or even intrauterine fetal death.