What causes bent toes

Many people find that their toes become bent. If this situation exists at birth, it is considered a congenital developmental malformation. If this symptom appears gradually during the growth process, it cannot be ruled out that the joint deformation is caused by rheumatism. The incidence of rheumatic disease is relatively high, and patients must also do relevant care work in their daily lives.

1. Causes

1. Immune response: The body's stimulation of exogenous or endogenous antigens directly or through macrophage presentation activates the corresponding T cells, and some T cells produce a large number of various inflammatory cytokines, causing varying degrees of damage or destruction to various tissues and organs; some T cells then activate B cells to produce a large number of antibodies, which directly or combine with antigens to form immune complexes, causing damage or destruction to tissues or organs.

2. Genetic background: Studies in recent years have shown that some rheumatic diseases, especially connective tissue diseases, are closely related to genetics and patient susceptibility and disease expression, which has certain significance for early or atypical cases of the disease and prognosis; among them, HLA (human tissue leukocyte antigen) is the most important.

3. Infectious factors: According to years of research, a variety of infectious factors, antigens or superantigens produced by microorganisms can directly or indirectly stimulate or initiate immune responses.

4. Endocrine factors: Studies have shown that the imbalance of estrogen and progesterone is related to the occurrence of various rheumatic diseases.

5. Environmental and physical factors: ultraviolet rays can induce SLE.

6. Others: Some drugs such as procainamide and some oral contraceptives can induce SLE and ANCA-positive vasculitis.

2. Clinical manifestations

1. Most rheumatic diseases have joint lesions and symptoms, which can be as high as 70-80%. About 50% only have pain, while severe cases have comprehensive inflammatory manifestations such as redness, swelling, heat, pain and impaired function; most of the time, multiple joints are affected. The size of the joints affected varies depending on the type of disease.

2. Heterogeneity, that is, the same disease has different subtypes. Due to different genetic backgrounds, causes and mechanisms, the types, symptoms, severity and treatment responses of clinical manifestations are also different.

3. Rheumatic diseases are mostly multi-system diseases. The pathologies of many diseases overlap and the symptoms are similar. MCTD is a typical example of this.

4. Various antibodies and immune complexes (CIC) appear in the serum and can be deposited in tissues (skin, synovium) or organs (kidney, liver) to cause disease.

5. Raynaud's phenomenon often occurs in this type of disease, such as SLE and MCTD.

3. Daily care

1. General care: Rheumatic patients are most afraid of cold wind and dampness, so the house they live in should be sunny, ventilated and dry, and the indoor air should be kept fresh. The bed should be flat, the bedding should be light, warm and dry, and washed and dried frequently. Especially for patients with ankylosing spondylitis, it is best to sleep on a wooden bed. The bed should not be placed in a windy place to prevent catching a cold while sleeping. It is advisable to use warm water to wash your face and hands. When washing your feet at night, use hot water that can soak above the ankle joints. The water should be heated for about a quarter of an hour to promote blood flow in the lower limbs.

2. Dietary care: Diet should be selected according to the specific condition of the disease. The diet of patients with rheumatic diseases should generally include high-protein, high-calorie, easily digestible foods, and less spicy, irritating foods, as well as raw, cold, and greasy foods. Diet should not be one-sided, and the issue of medicinal and dietary supplements should be treated correctly. Fruits, vegetables, fish, chicken and duck are all nutritious and you should not be picky about your diet. 3) Pay attention to dietary taboos.

3. Maintain a normal mental state. Some patients develop this disease due to mental stimulation, excessive sadness, depression, etc.; and after suffering from this disease, emotional fluctuations often make the condition worse. These all suggest that mental (or psychological) factors have a certain impact on this disease.