Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the small intestine

Most people may be unfamiliar with some diseases, and even think that some diseases only need short pronouns. In fact, some diseases are very serious, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome. After the disease occurs, you need to first understand the relevant introduction of the disease, precautions and daily care work.

Introduction

A hereditary disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The disease is characterized by raised, clustered, extremely tiny red spots on the skin and mucous membranes, which are dilated capillaries. Located on the fingers, under the nails, face, ears, lips, tongue, and oral, nasal and gastrointestinal mucosa. Symptoms include bleeding, epistaxis, gastrointestinal and gingival bleeding, hemoptysis, fundus hemorrhage, hematuria, etc. The diagnosis is mainly made through capillaroscopy, slit lamp and gastroenteroscopy, and the presence of twisted vascular masses or dilated vascular loops can be used for diagnosis.

Precautions

Rest the patient in bed and check vital signs for signs of shock, such as tachycardia, hypotension, weak pulses, and tachypnea. Record the patient's intake and output. Because people may feel frightened when they have blood in their stool, emotional support can be provided. Prepare for blood tests and gastrointestinal examinations such as endoscopy and X-rays. Pay attention to the patient's stool examination for occult blood. If necessary, stool can be sent for examination for parasites.

Daily care

1. First aid for heavy blood in stool

1. Establish an effective intravenous infusion channel, carry out various hemostatic drug treatments as prescribed by the doctor, and transfuse blood and fresh plasma to replenish blood volume and maintain effective circulating blood volume.

2. Fasting. Perform oral care twice a day during the fasting period to keep the mouth clean and odor-free.

3. Leave a gastric tube in place and keep it unobstructed. Follow the doctor's instructions to inject ice saline and norepinephrine into the gastric tube to stop bleeding.

(ii) Monitor changes in the patient's condition and regularly measure the patient's vital signs, including body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and state of consciousness; and record the frequency, amount, and color of blood in the stool. Pay attention to the accompanying symptoms of bloody stools in patients, and observe whether the patient has early signs of shock. If any problems are found, effective treatment measures should be taken in a timely manner.

(III) Daily care: When patients are bleeding heavily, they should rest in bed and reduce activities. Nursing staff should strengthen patrols, meet the basic daily needs of patients, keep the patient's bed unit clean and dry, increase the patient's comfort, and facilitate recovery from the disease.

(IV) Psychological care creates a quiet and clean recuperation environment and reduces the number of visitors. Nursing staff should be more caring and considerate of patients, listen carefully to what patients say, and give full understanding to patients in order to alleviate psychological reactions such as tension, anxiety, and fear caused by massive bleeding.