What are the components of glucose?

There are many substances in life that are indispensable to the body. For example, glucose is a very important basic substance. It has a very great effect on the body and can replenish the body's energy. This is because glucose contains many ingredients necessary for the human body. These ingredients are the basis of life. Let's take a look at what the components of glucose are? I hope everyone can understand it.

Glucose, an organic compound, has the molecular formula C6H12O6. It is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide in nature and is a polyhydroxy aldehyde. Pure glucose is a colorless crystal. It tastes sweet but not as sweet as sucrose (most people cannot taste the sweetness). It is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether. Natural glucose aqueous solution rotates optically to the right, so it is called "dextrose".

Glucose plays an important role in the field of biology. It is the energy source of living cells and an intermediate product of metabolism, that is, the main energy source for organisms. Plants can produce glucose through photosynthesis. It is widely used in candy manufacturing and medical fields.

It is the most widely distributed monosaccharide in nature.

Glucose contains five hydroxyl groups and one aldehyde group and has the properties of both polyols and aldehydes.

It is easy to decompose when heated under alkaline conditions. It should be kept tightly closed. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and is utilized by tissues after entering the human body. 1 mol of glucose releases 2870KJ of energy after complete oxidation reaction in the human body. Part of this energy is converted into 30 or 32 mol of ATP, and the rest is dissipated in the form of heat energy to maintain body temperature. It can also be converted into glycogen or fat for storage through the liver or muscles.

(1) The aldehyde group in the molecule is reducing and can react with silver ammonia solution: CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH-heating in a water bath → CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O, and is oxidized to ammonium gluconate.

(2) The aldehyde group can also be reduced to hexadecene.

(3) There are multiple hydroxyl groups in the molecule, which can undergo esterification reaction with acids.

(4) Glucose undergoes oxidation reaction in the body, releasing heat (C6H12O6+6O2 (oxygen)+6H2O==6CO2+12H2O+energy).

(5) Glucose can be produced by the hydrolysis of starch under the catalysis of enzymes or sulfuric acid.

(6) Plant photosynthesis: 6CO2+6H2O (chlorophyll, sunlight catalysis) --C6H12O6+6O2.