How to diagnose prostate cancer

How to diagnose prostate cancer? Prostate cancer is one of the most common diseases. Local symptoms of prostate cancer appear late, and metastatic symptoms are often the earliest reason for seeking medical treatment. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose early based on clinical symptoms alone. Its definite diagnosis is mainly based on prostate biopsy or pathological examination of prostate surgical specimens, and other examinations are auxiliary examinations.

The diagnosis of prostate cancer mainly includes the following points:

(1) Rectal examination: Rectal examination is very important for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. It may manifest as irregular prostate capsule and palpable hard stone-like masses. If the seminal vesicles are involved, it is highly suspicious. The masses vary in size and should be differentiated from prostate tuberculosis and stones.

(2) Acid phosphatase assay: This test should be performed 24 hours after rectal examination and urethral examination. 80% of prostate cancer patients with distant metastasis have elevated acid phosphatase, while 20% of patients without distant metastasis have elevated acid phosphatase. Therefore, a significant increase in serum acid phosphatase indicates the possibility of prostate cancer.

(3) Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement: This test should be performed one week after rectal examination and urethral examination. Prostate-specific antigen is a more sensitive tumor marker than acid phosphatase and is of great significance for the diagnosis, clinical staging, efficacy observation, prognosis judgment and recurrence monitoring of prostate cancer.

(4) X-ray examination: Pelvic and lumbar spine radiographs are important examinations for diagnosing whether the cancer has metastasized. Sometimes, vasoconstriction can also be performed. Cystourethrography of prostate cancer shows a lack of normal prostate curves, accompanied by urethral stiffness and stenosis. When the bladder is invaded, irregular filling defects can be seen at the bottom of the bladder.

(5) Ultrasound examination: B-ultrasound examination can reveal changes in the morphology and displacement of the prostate, discontinuous and rough capsule reflection, and the appearance of light masses and dark areas inside the gland. It can be used as an auxiliary diagnosis.

(6) CT and MRI examinations: They have clear images, high resolution, and are safe and painless, making them an examination with diagnostic value.

(7) Biopsy: The absolute diagnosis of prostate cancer depends on microscopic examination of tissue. Before local spread and distant metastasis occur, when there are only signs of local nodules, biopsy can make an early diagnosis. Biopsy is the most reliable test for diagnosing prostate cancer.

The above is an explanation of how to diagnose prostate cancer. We hope that it can help you. We feel very honored. The above content is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis and treatment. Because each person has different physical conditions, the degree and symptoms of the disease are different. Therefore, it is recommended that all diagnosis and treatment should follow the guidance of the doctor. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts for understanding.

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