What are the main preventive measures for prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in elderly men. Because the early symptoms are mild and the age of diagnosis is relatively old (the average age is 72 years old), the possibility of the disease progressing to the late stage or metastasis increases. If diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis is good, but the prognosis is poor in the late stage.

1. The currently generally accepted effective method for screening is rectal examination plus serum PSA concentration measurement.

Serum PSA levels are used to test male citizens over 40 to 45 years old, and follow-up measurements are performed once a year. This screening method is cost-effective. If PSA exceeds 4.0 ng/ml, a rectal digital examination or ultrasound examination is performed. If positive or suspicious, a needle biopsy is performed. This method can effectively detect early localized prostate cancer. A population-based survey in Sweden found that the time span from the increase in serum PSA concentration above 3 ng/ml to the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer is 7 years. Therefore, PSA screening of the population can diagnose prostate cancer early and treat it early. Many studies have shown that the percentage of free PSA can be used to increase the sensitivity of PSA determination for those with serum PSA 4.0 to 10 ng/ml. Generally speaking, an increase in free PSA is seen in benign prostate hyperplasia, while free PSA is reduced in prostate cancer patients. Therefore, if the free PSA is > 25%, the patient is likely to have no prostate cancer (less than 10% probability), and if it is < 10%, the patient is likely to have prostate cancer (60% to 80% probability), and it is very meaningful to do a prostate biopsy at this time.

2. Avoiding risk factors is difficult to do. Because there are many clear risk factors, heredity, age, etc. are unavoidable, but potential environmental risk factors such as high-fat diet, cadmium, herbicides and other undetermined factors may be avoided. It is now known that about 60% of the factors causing prostate cancer come from the living environment. Studies from Sweden show that occupational factors are related to prostate cancer. The occupations with statistically significant risks are agriculture, related industrial soap and perfume, and leather industries, so farmers, leather workers and management staff in these industries have a significant increase in incidence. In addition, people who are exposed to chemicals, herbicides, and fertilizers increase the risk of prostate cancer. According to reports from New Zealand, fish oil containing antioxidants in food can protect and reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Taiwan reported that the magnesium content in drinking water can prevent prostate cancer. In addition, measures such as adhering to a low-fat diet, eating more soy foods rich in plant protein, drinking Chinese green tea for a long time, and appropriately increasing the content of trace elements selenium and vitamin E in the diet can also prevent the occurrence of prostate cancer.

3. Chemoprevention According to the drug's interference method, chemoprevention can be divided into the following main categories, such as tumorigenesis inhibitors, anti-tumor growth drugs, and tumor progression inhibitors. Since the occurrence and development of prostate cancer is a long process, we can use drugs to chemoprevent or inhibit the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. For example, finasteride can inhibit the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, an active substance that has a strong effect on the prostate. Therefore, it may inhibit the growth-promoting effect of testosterone on prostate cancer cells. This effect is still under clinical research observation and needs to be confirmed. Other drugs such as retinal have the effects of promoting cell differentiation and anti-tumor progression. They are also under clinical research and may become potential chemoprevention drugs.

The above is an introduction to "What are the main preventive measures for prostate cancer?" For people who are related to the pathogenic factors of prostate cancer, it is recommended to take preventive measures for prostate cancer. If you have other questions about prostate cancer, please consult our experts online or call for consultation.

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