Causes of complications of esophageal tumors

Esophageal tumors are malignant tumors that occur in the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal segments of the esophagus. Due to the particularity of the location of the lesion, patients who have undergone esophageal tumor surgery may also experience various complications. Complications of esophageal tumors are more common in patients with esophageal tumors that have developed to the late stage. The causes of complications of esophageal tumors are as follows:

1. Esophageal perforation: Late-stage esophageal tumors, especially ulcerative esophageal tumors, can cause perforation due to local erosion and severe ulceration of the tumor. Different symptoms may occur due to different perforation sites and adjacent organs. Perforation of the trachea may cause esophageal tracheal fistula, resulting in choking and coughing during diet, especially when taking liquid diet. Perforation of the mediastinum may cause mediastinitis, resulting in chest tightness, chest pain, cough, fever, increased heart rate, and increased white blood cell count. Perforation of the lungs may cause lung abscesses, resulting in high fever, cough, and sputum purulent sputum. Perforation of the aorta may cause esophageal aortic fistula, which may cause massive bleeding and lead to death.

2. Vomiting blood and bloody stool: caused by tumor rupture.

3. Caused by cancer metastasis: such as cancer cells invading the recurrent laryngeal nerve, causing vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness; tumor compression and invasion of the trachea and bronchi, causing shortness of breath and irritating dry cough; invasion of the phrenic nerve, causing diaphragmatic paralysis; invasion of the vagus nerve, accelerating the heart rate; invasion of the brachial plexus, causing arm soreness, pain, and abnormal sensation; compression of the superior vena cava, causing superior vena cava compression syndrome; metastasis of cancer to important organs such as the liver, lungs, and brain can cause complications such as jaundice, ascites, liver failure, dyspnea, and coma.

In short, there are many causes of complications of esophageal tumors, and we should try our best to reduce avoidable pathogenic factors and reduce the occurrence of esophageal cancer.

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