What are the factors that lead to bone tumors?

The incidence of bone tumors accounts for 2%-3% of all tumors. Benign tumors are more common than malignant ones. Bone tumors seriously endanger our lives and our next generation. How do bone tumors occur? In other words, what are the factors that lead to bone tumors? Generally, there are the following theories:

(I) Theory of constitution: It emphasizes that tumors occur under the condition of constitution due to stimulation, such as ectopic and residual embryonic tissue, which becomes tumorous after some kind of stimulation, such as chordoma.

(II) Gene (heredity) theory: Mutations in normal cell genes can cause tumors. Tumor cells continue to proliferate and pass on their biological characteristics, such as hereditary multiple exostoses.

(III) Chronic stimulation theory:

1. Chemical substances: People have long recognized that chronic stimulation from chemical substances can cause cancer. Animal experiments have shown that certain chemical substances (such as methylcholanthrene) can induce osteosarcoma, which is one of the factors that lead to bone tumors.

2. Physical factors: All ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, radium, hydrogen, strontium, radioisotopes, etc., can cause tumors through internal or external radiation. Excessive radiotherapy can cause osteosarcoma, which is called post-radiation osteosarcoma.

(IV) Virus Theory: Specific antibodies to osteosarcoma have been found in the serum of osteosarcoma patients. Antibodies to osteosarcoma have also been found in the serum of healthy people who have close contact with osteosarcoma. Based on this, many scholars believe that viruses are related to tumors in the human body.

(V) Malignant transformation: Benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions such as enchondroma, osteochondroma, and osteoblastoma can all transform into sarcomas, which may be related to their biological characteristics, stage of the disease, surgery, infection, or pathological fractures.

The factors that cause bone tumors are very complex. Now, the etiology of bone tumors, especially malignant bone tumors, has been studied at the molecular and genetic levels, and a lot of progress has been made, some of which have been applied in clinical practice.

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