What are the extrapulmonary manifestations of early lung cancer

Extrapulmonary manifestations of early lung cancer include:

① Bone and joint symptoms. This type of symptom is more common. Lung cancer cells can produce certain special endocrine hormones (xenohormones), which act on the bone and joint parts, causing bone and joint swelling and pain, often involving the tibia, fibula, ulna, radius and other bones and joints. The ends of the fingers and toes often swell and become clubbed, and X-ray examinations can show periosteal hyperplasia.

② Shoulder and back pain Peripheral lung cancer often develops posteriorly and upwards, eroding the pleura, involving the ribs and chest wall tissue, thus causing shoulder and back pain. Patients of this type rarely have respiratory symptoms.

③ Hoarseness. Lung cancer metastasis compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which can paralyze one side of the vocal cord and cause hoarseness. Since lung cancer metastasis can appear in the early stage and sometimes grow faster than the primary lesion, the clinical manifestations of metastasis can appear before the primary lesion.