Preoperative and postoperative care for colon cancer

This paper expounds on the preoperative psychological care, dietary care, improvement of intestinal preparation method, observation of postoperative vital signs, the difference between traditional enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition, improvement of colon decompression care and prevention of postoperative complications of colon cancer. Improving the quality of nursing is the key factor to improve the success rate of surgery, reduce postoperative complications and improve the quality of life of patients.

Colon cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in my country, and its common sites are the sigmoid colon, cecum, hepatosplenic flexure, descending colon, ascending colon, and transverse colon. Although the cause of colon cancer is not clear, its related factors are gradually being recognized, such as excessive animal fat and animal protein in the diet, lack of fresh vegetables and fiber foods, lack of moderate physical labor, and familial polyps, which have been recognized as precancerous diseases; colon adenomas, ulcerative colitis, and colonic schistosomiasis granulomas are closely related to the occurrence of colon cancer. Its treatment is a comprehensive treatment with surgery as the main treatment. We should try our best to perform radical surgical resection of colon cancer, supplemented by anti-cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. In recent years, our department has performed radical surgery on patients with colon cancer and achieved good results.

Preoperative care and bowel preparation for colonoscopy are related to the quality of clinical care, the occurrence of complications, and even determine the results of surgery or examination. In recent years, the methods of bowel preparation have made great progress. The current status of preoperative care and bowel preparation for colonoscopy is summarized as follows.

Colonoscopy is a special examination that requires medication to help fully empty the intestines and insert the colonoscope into the intestines after anesthesia. Nurses need to make general preparations before the examination and master the usage, dosage, properties, indications, contraindications and adverse reactions of oral medications, and accurately provide dietary guidance, medication guidance, observation of the situation after taking medication and other related care. Since patients and their families are exposed to or do not understand the relevant technology for the first time, the anxiety and worries caused by this also need the attention of nursing staff, and timely psychological intervention should be carried out to gain the trust and active cooperation of patients and their families. Clinically, it has been found that the inefficiency of intestinal preparation is directly related to the patient's psychological state, medication method, and total oral fluid volume. Only with correct care and active cooperation of patients can the smooth progress of colonoscopy be ensured.

In terms of psychological care, careful psychological care and guidance ensured that patients completed the examination happily, safely and smoothly, and avoided the occurrence of anesthesia accidents and complications. Patient satisfaction was generally high. Music relaxation therapy was used to improve the fear and tension of patients before and after colonoscopy. The results showed that it could effectively reduce abdominal pain, bloating and adverse intestinal stimulation. Similarly, psychological intervention, dietary intervention, medication intervention, exercise intervention and observation of the situation after taking medication effectively improved intestinal cleanliness, shortened intestinal preparation time and reduced patient discomfort.

Through TCM emotional nursing guided by the basic theories of TCM and based on a good nurse-patient relationship, the negative emotions of patients can be effectively reduced, which is conducive to the smooth progress of colonoscopy. Through nursing guidance such as detailed notice of precautions, emphasis on drinking water speed, observation of defecation after taking medicine, and colonoscopy methods, a satisfactory intestinal cleaning effect can be obtained. It was found that abdominal massage and exercise can promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the propulsion and rhythmic contraction of the large intestine, reduce the reabsorption of water by the intestine, and make feces easier to discharge.